Vaccination using phase I vaccine is effective to control Coxiella burnetii shedding in infected dairy cattle herds

Taurel, Anne-Frieda; Guatteo, Raphaël R.; Lehébel, Anne; Joly, Alain; Beaudeau, François

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2013.10.002

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The same treatment regimen has been evaluated in sheep, but our study also implemented concurrent vaccination and suffered from low statistical power, making interpretation of results difficult . In cattle, antimicrobial treatment with injectable oxytetracycline was not associated with decreased shedding in milk . Another study suggested that a single treatment with oxytetracycline, administered at drying off, had no effect on the bacterial load …”

Section: Control Of Coxiellosismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In portions the European Union, vaccination using a phase I killed C burnetii vaccine (Coxevac, Ceva Sante Animale) is recommended for use in goats for reduction of abortion risk and shedding of C. burnetii in vaginal fluids, feces, and milk and in cattle for reduction of shedding. It has proven to be effective at reducing bacterial shedding levels (<200 organisms per vaginal sample in 24% of vaccinated animals) under experimental conditions, as well under field circumstances . The vaccine instructions are to administer to nonpregnant animals at least 3 weeks before breeding; ideally animals are initially vaccinated when young (goats at 3 months of age), 3 weeks later, and then followed by an annual booster vaccination.…”

Section: Control Of Coxiellosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of Coxiella burnetii infection in livestock populations and the associated zoonotic risk: A consensus statement

Plummer

McClure

Menzies

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Infections caused by Coxiella burnetii, commonly referred to as coxiellosis when occurring in animals and Query fever when occurring in humans, are an important cause of abortions, decreased reproductive efficiency, and subclinical infections in ruminants. The organism also represents an important zoonotic concern associated with its ability to aerosolize easily and its low infectious dose. Available diagnostic tests have limited sensitivity, which combined with the absence of treatment options in animals and limited approaches to prevention, result in difficulty managing this agent for optimal animal health and zoonotic disease outcomes. The purpose of this consensus statement is to provide veterinarians and public health officials with a summary of the available information regarding management of C. burnetii infection in livestock populations. A discussion of currently available testing options and their interpretation is provided, along with recommendations on management practices that can be implemented on‐farm in the face of an outbreak to mitigate losses. Emphasis is placed on biosecurity measures that can be considered for minimizing the zoonotic transmission risk in both field and veterinary facilities.

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Section: Control Of Coxiellosismentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Control Of Coxiellosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Coxiella burnetii infection in livestock populations and the associated zoonotic risk: A consensus statement

Plummer

McClure

Menzies

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Aborting females in particular release such large bacterial burdens into the environment that they may act as "superspreaders," according to Porten et al (49). Second, uninfected females, especially lambs and primiparous ewes, should be the primary targets of vaccination efforts in order to gradually immunize the entire flock (3,27,48,50). Finally, the viability of C. burnetii in litter and manure contaminated by infected birth products and feces may be reduced by composting such materials prior to their application (51,52).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulation of Coxiella burnetii in a Naturally Infected Flock of Dairy Sheep: Shedding Dynamics, Environmental Contamination, and Genotype Diversity

Joulié

Laroucau

Bailly

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii. Domestic ruminants are considered to be the main reservoir. Sheep, in particular, may frequently cause outbreaks in humans. Because within-flock circulation data are essential to implementing optimal management strategies, we performed a follow-up study of a naturally infected flock of dairy sheep. We aimed to (i) describe C. burnetii shedding dynamics by sampling vaginal mucus, feces, and milk, (ii) assess circulating strain diversity, and (iii) quantify barn environmental contamination. For 8 months, we sampled vaginal mucus and feces every 3 weeks from aborting and nonaborting ewes (n ‫؍‬ 11 and n ‫؍‬ 26, respectively); for lactating females, milk was obtained as well. We also sampled vaginal mucus from nine ewe lambs. Dust and air samples were collected every 3 and 6 weeks, respectively. All samples were screened using real-time PCR, and strongly positive samples were further analyzed using quantitative PCR. Vaginal and fecal samples with sufficient bacterial burdens were then genotyped by multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) using 17 markers. C. burnetii burdens were higher in vaginal mucus and feces than in milk, and they peaked in the first 3 weeks postabortion or postpartum. Primiparous females and aborting females tended to shed C. burnetii longer and have higher bacterial burdens than nonaborting and multiparous females. Six genotype clusters were identified; they were independent of abortion status, and within-individual genotype diversity was observed. C. burnetii was also detected in air and dust samples. Further studies should determine whether the within-flock circulation dynamics observed here are generalizable.Q fever is a widespread zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, a Gram-negative intracellular bacterium that has been reported in a broad range of host species. Livestock, especially small ruminants, are the main sources of human infections (1-3). In domestic ruminants, Q fever's major clinical manifestations are abortions and stillbirths, whose occurrence may translate into significant economic losses (1, 3). In humans, C. burnetii infections range from asymptomatic to severe. Acute forms of the disease may result in high fevers and severe pneumonia or hepatitis, and chronic forms are strongly debilitating and may be fatal when endocarditis develops in patients with underlying heart disease (4-6).Animals and humans become infected essentially through the inhalation of airborne particles contaminated with C. burnetii (3,7,8). Contaminated dust particles may remain infectious for long periods of time due to the capacity of the bacterium to differentiate into highly resistant spore-like forms (9, 10). Consequently, knowledge of C. burnetii's sources and shedding dynamics is essential to assessing the risks of disease transmission and pathogen persistence. On livestock farms, C. burnetii DNA has been found in various environmental matrices, such as dust (11-13) and aerosols (14-16). However, studies that examin...

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“…Disease management in ruminant herds is therefore extremely difficult and mainly based on vaccination (Bontje, Backer, Hogerwerf, Roest, & van Roermund, ; Courcoul et al., ; de Cremoux et al., ; EFSA, ; Rousset, Durand, et al., ). Indeed, no environmental decontamination procedures have been validated to date, and antibiotics are inefficient in reducing bacterial shedding on a herd scale (Astobiza, Barandika, Juste, Hurtado, & Garcia‐Perez, ; Taurel, Guatteo, Lehebel, Joly, & Beaudeau, ). Besides, their use might contribute to generating reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance that may be transmitted directly or indirectly to humans through food consumption and direct or indirect contact (Economou & Gousia, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swab cloths as a tool for revealing environmental contamination by Q fever in ruminant farms

Carrié

Barry

Rousset

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Summary Q fever is a zoonotic abortive disease of ruminants mostly transmitted by inhalation of aerosols contaminated by Coxiella burnetii. Clusters of cases or even epidemics regularly occur in humans but, to date, there is no consensus about the best way to carry out outbreak investigations in order to identify potential farms at risk. Although environmental samples might be useful during such investigations, there are few baseline data on the presence of C. burnetii in the environment of ruminant farms. We thus investigated dust samples from cattle, sheep and goat farm buildings in order to (a) estimate C. burnetii detection frequency and bacterial loads in the environment, and (b) determine whether this environmental contamination is associated with series of abortions attributed to Q fever. We considered 113 herds with a recent abortive episode potentially related (n = 60) or not (n = 53) to C. burnetii. Dust was sampled using a swab cloth and tested by a quantitative PCR method targeting the IS1111 gene. Coxiella burnetii DNA was detected on 9 of 50 cattle farms, 13 of 19 goat farms and 30 of 40 sheep farms. On 16 cloths, bacterial loads were higher than 108 genome equivalents, levels as high as in infectious materials such as placentas and aborted foetuses. Overall, the probability of detecting C. burnetii DNA was higher on small ruminant farms than cattle farms, in herds suspected of Q fever and in large herds. We conclude that swab cloths are a putative indicator of contamination of ruminant farms by C. burnetii.

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Vaccination using phase I vaccine is effective to control Coxiella burnetii shedding in infected dairy cattle herds

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Management of Coxiella burnetii infection in livestock populations and the associated zoonotic risk: A consensus statement

Management of Coxiella burnetii infection in livestock populations and the associated zoonotic risk: A consensus statement

Circulation of Coxiella burnetii in a Naturally Infected Flock of Dairy Sheep: Shedding Dynamics, Environmental Contamination, and Genotype Diversity

Swab cloths as a tool for revealing environmental contamination by Q fever in ruminant farms

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