Vaccination status and long COVID symptoms in patients discharged from hospital

Nascimento, Teresa Cristina Dias Cunha; Costa, Livia do Valle; Ruiz, Amanda; Ledo, Carla Bernardes; Fernandes, Valeria Paes Lima; Cardoso, Luiz Francisco; Vieira, J.M.; Saretta, Roberta; Kalil‐Filho, Roberto; Drager, Luciano F.

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-28839-y

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(24 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Vaccination and increased natural immunity is a likely contributing factor in this decline, and we found lower rates of long COVID coding with increasing vaccination, which is consistent with other studies (18,(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64). However, there are methodological limitations in previous work as several studies are small (65)(66)(67) or in self-selecting populations (68)(69)(70)(71) and it is difficult to disentangle the relative contribution of vaccines, variants, and reinfections and how these affect the probability of long-term complications (72)(73)(74)(75).…”

Section: Findings In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical coding of long COVID in primary care 2020-2023 in a cohort of 19 million adults: an OpenSAFELY analysis

Henderson,

Butler-Cole,

Tazare

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundLong COVID is the patient-coined term for the persistent symptoms of COVID-19 illness for weeks, months or years following the acute infection. There is a large burden of long COVID globally from self-reported data, but the epidemiology, causes and treatments remain poorly understood. Primary care is used to help identify and treat patients with long COVID and therefore Electronic Health Records (EHRs) of past COVID-19 patients could be used to help fill these knowledge gaps. We aimed to describe those with long COVID in primary care records in England.MethodsWith the approval of NHS England we used routine clinical data from over 19 million adults in England linked to SARS-COV-2 test result, hospitalisation and vaccination data to describe trends in the recording of 16 clinical codes related to long COVID between November 2020 and January 2023. We calculated rates per 100,000 person-years and plotted how these changed over time. We compared crude and minimally adjusted rates of recorded long COVID in patient records between different key demographic and vaccination characteristics using negative binomial models.FindingsWe identified a total of 55,465 people recorded to have long COVID over the study period, with incidence of new long COVID records increasing steadily over 2021, and declining over 2022. The overall rate per 100,000 person-years was 177.5 cases in women (95% CI: 175.5-179) and 100.5 men (99.5-102). In terms of vaccination against COVID-19, the lowest rates were observed in those with 3+ vaccine doses (103.5 [95% CI: 101.5-105]). Finally, the majority of those with a long COVID record did not have a recorded positive SARS-COV-2 test 12 weeks before the long COVID record.InterpretationEHR recorded long COVID remains very low compared and incident records of long COVID declined over 2022. We found the lowest rates of recorded long COVID in people with 3 or more vaccine doses. We summarised several sources of possible bias for researchers using EHRs to study long COVID.

show abstract

Section: Findings In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical coding of long COVID in primary care 2020-2023 in a cohort of 19 million adults: an OpenSAFELY analysis

Henderson,

Butler-Cole,

Tazare

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The association between PCC and COVID-19 vaccination before COVID-19 was assessed in 18 studies, including 9 prospective cohorts, 5 retrospective cohorts, 1 case-control study, and 3 cross-sectional studies (Table 1). Fifteen studies stratified their analyses by dosespecific vaccination status (one dose, n = 4; two doses, n = 11; three doses, n = 3) (Supplementary Table S3) and 12 contributed to the meta-analyses (Figures 2 and 3) [23,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the evidence on the associations and safety of COVID-19 vaccination and post COVID-19 condition

Jennings,

Corrin,

Waddell

2023

Epidemiol. Infect.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Post COVID-19 condition (PCC) refers to persistent or recurring symptoms (>8 weeks) occurring ≤12 weeks following acute COVID-19. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the evidence on the risk of PCC with vaccination before or after COVID-19 or after developing PCC, and the safety of vaccination among those already experiencing PCC. A search was conducted up to 13 December 2022 and standard systematic review methodology was followed. Thirty-one observational studies were included. There is moderate confidence that two doses of vaccine given pre-infection reduced the odds of PCC (pooled OR (pOR) 0.67, 95% CI 0.60-0.74, I2 = 59.9%), but low confidence that one dose may not reduce the odds (pOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.31#x2013;1.31, I2 = 99.2%), and the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of three doses (pOR 0.45, 95% CI 0.10#x2013;1.99, I2 = 30.9%). One of three studies suggested vaccination shortly after COVID-19 may offer additional protection from developing PCC compared to unvaccinated individuals, but this evidence was very uncertain. For those with PCC, vaccination was not associated with worsening PCC symptoms (10 studies) and appears safe (3 studies), but it is unclear if vaccination may change established PCC symptoms.

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, post-acute COVID-19 has been observed even among young and middle-aged adults after six to 12 months after mild infection ( Peter et al, 2022 ). Some studies have reported that COVID-19 vaccines had a protective effect against long-COVID even among patients vaccinated before or after SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 ( Al-Aly et al, 2022 ; Gao et al, 2022 ; Nascimento et al, 2023 ). Additionally, the evidence shows that a SARS-CoV-2 reinfection further increases risks of death, hospitalization, and sequelae in multiple organ systems in the acute and post-acute phase, particularly in those who were unvaccinated and had one vaccination or two or more vaccinations before reinfection ( Bowe et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viable SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-variants isolated from autopsy tissues

Maffia-Bizzozero,

Cevallos,

Lenicov

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionPulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations have been described after infection with SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus is known to persist in multiple organs due to its tropism for several tissues. However, previous reports were unable to provide definitive information about whether the virus is viable and transmissible. It has been hypothesized that the persisting reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2 in tissues could be one of the multiple potentially overlapping causes of long COVID.MethodsIn the present study, we investigated autopsy materials obtained from 21 cadaveric donors with documented first infection or reinfection at the time of death. The cases studied included recipients of different formulations of COVID-19 vaccines. The aim was to find the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, and intestines. We used two technical approaches: the detection and quantification of viral genomic RNA using RT-qPCR, and virus infectivity using permissive in vitro Vero E6 culture.ResultsAll tissues analyzed showed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA but at dissimilar levels ranging from 1.01 × 102 copies/mL to 1.14 × 108 copies/mL, even among those cases who had been COVID-19 vaccinated. Importantly, different amounts of replication-competent virus were detected in the culture media from the studied tissues. The highest viral load were measured in the lung (≈1.4 × 106 copies/mL) and heart (≈1.9 × 106 copies/mL) samples. Additionally, based on partial Spike gene sequences, SARS-CoV-2 characterization revealed the presence of multiple Omicron sub-variants exhibiting a high level of nucleotide and amino acid identity among them.DiscussionThese findings highlight that SARS-CoV-2 can spread to multiple tissue locations such as the lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, and intestines, both after primary infection and after reinfections with the Omicron variant, contributing to extending knowledge about the pathogenesis of acute infection and understanding the sequelae of clinical manifestations that are observed during post-acute COVID-19.

show abstract

Vaccination status and long COVID symptoms in patients discharged from hospital

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Clinical coding of long COVID in primary care 2020-2023 in a cohort of 19 million adults: an OpenSAFELY analysis

Clinical coding of long COVID in primary care 2020-2023 in a cohort of 19 million adults: an OpenSAFELY analysis

A systematic review of the evidence on the associations and safety of COVID-19 vaccination and post COVID-19 condition

Viable SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-variants isolated from autopsy tissues

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About