Vaccination Related Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial, Comparison of Pain of Two Injection Techniques

Chawda, Mitesh; Malini, Guruveerajeyasingh; Saha, Subodh Kumar; Chawda, Shantilal; Jha, Ganpat; Wanare, Ashish; Pandey, Ravi P.; Someshwar, Hitav

doi:10.11648/j.ajp.20190503.19

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Five minutes post vaccination injection the total means MBPS scores was higher than immediately after in the control group in this study. This result is with total agreement with the results of Chawda, et al, (2019) who in their study of vaccination related pain using a randomized controlled trial that the mean score of control group children using modified BPS before injection higher than after the injection. In the current study there was a highly significant difference in cry duration and total MBPS after the use of lavender oil inhalation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of Lavender Oil Inhalation on Injection Pain Intensity Among Children Undergoing Vaccination

2020

JHMN

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Background: Pain control and management are the most critical aspects of basic needs, human rights, and nursing care in children. Aim: to evaluate the effect of lavender oil inhalation on injection pain intensity among children undergoing vaccination Design: A quasi experimental research design was utilized to fit the aim of the study. Setting: the study was conducted in selected governmental, ministry of health and population pediatric primary health centers (health offices). Sample: A purposive sample of 100 child, who attended primary health care centers to receive vaccination injections were enrolled either in control (50) or intervention (50) group randomly. Data collection tools: 1) Structured interview questionnaire, related to the personal characteristics of vaccinated children and nurses who give the vaccine; 2) The Modified Behavioral Pain Scale (MBPS) developed by Taddio et al. (1995). 3) cry duration measured in seconds. Results: There was a highly significant difference between the total pain scores and cry duration of control and intervention group immediately and five minutes after injection with p.≤ 0.05. There was a highly significant positive correlation between total scores of MBPS immediately and five minutes after injection with cry duration in control group. While there was a highly significant correlation between total scores of MBPS five minutes after injection and cry duration in intervention group (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: children who were in the intervention group and received lavender oil inhalation after the injection showed lower pain scores using the MBPS scale and shorter cry duration after vaccination injection than those who were in the control group. Recommendation: pediatric nurses need to conduct more strict experimental randomized trials on larger representative samples to evaluate effect of lavender oil inhalation on injection pain reduction among children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of Lavender Oil Inhalation on Injection Pain Intensity Among Children Undergoing Vaccination

2020

JHMN

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“…They recommended that a technique with rapid administration and no aspiration before injecting vaccination results in less pain in children. 37…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of oral mefenamic acid versus paracetamol as a prophylactic analgesic for needle pain in children receiving vaccination: a three-arm, parallel, triple-blind, placebo-controlled MAP VaC randomized controlled trial

Pasi,

Babu,

Kallidoss

2023

Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy

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Background: Needle pain due to routine vaccination is an important factor contributing to low vaccine adherence and immunization coverage. Prophylactic oral analgesics can address this important issue of needle pain related to vaccination. Paracetamol and mefenamic acid are commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain relief, but there is little published literature on whether the same can be used for needle pain related to vaccination. Objectives: This study was planned to compare the efficacy of oral mefenamic acid and paracetamol over placebo as a prophylactic analgesic during vaccination and prophylactic antipyretic during the post-vaccination period. Designs: Three-arm, triple-blind, randomized controlled trial. Methods: This study was conducted at the outpatient department of a tertiary-level medical college in South India from January 2021 to June 2022. In this three-arm interventional trial, each arm had either a single dose of placebo or mefenamic acid (4 mg/kg/dose) or paracetamol (10 mg/kg/dose). These medicines were administered orally 30 min before vaccination to reduce needle pain. Main outcome and measures: Outcome was measured with the change of FLACC (Face, Leg, Activity, Cry, Consolability) scoring at the time of vaccination, subsequently at 15 and 30 min of vaccination in all three groups. Appearance of fever, grade of fever, and need for antipyretics 24 h after vaccination were also noted. Results: There was a significant difference in FLACC scores at the time of administration ( p = 0.010) and at 15 min ( p = 0.014) with mefenamic acid compared to placebo. Although the paracetamol group showed a difference when compared to the placebo, it was not significant at the time of administration ( p = 0.401), at 15 min ( p = 0.451), or 30 min ( p = 0.892) post-vaccination. The appearance of fever, grade of fever, and use of antipyretic up to 24 h post-vaccination had no significant difference among any of the three groups. Conclusion: Mefenamic acid was more potent than placebo for pre-vaccination pain prophylaxis in children. There was no difference in the appearance of fever and its grade among the three groups. The promising results from this trial warrant further large-scale studies to recommend a single oral dose of mefenamic acid to tackle needle pain related to vaccination in children to improve vaccine adherence and coverage. Trial registration: CTRI (Clinical trials registry-India) (CTRI/2021/01/030239). [Date of Commencement: 13 Jan 2021, Date of last recruitment: 30 June 2022 (now closed for new participants)]

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Vaccination Related Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial, Comparison of Pain of Two Injection Techniques

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of Lavender Oil Inhalation on Injection Pain Intensity Among Children Undergoing Vaccination

Effect of Lavender Oil Inhalation on Injection Pain Intensity Among Children Undergoing Vaccination

Efficacy of oral mefenamic acid versus paracetamol as a prophylactic analgesic for needle pain in children receiving vaccination: a three-arm, parallel, triple-blind, placebo-controlled MAP VaC randomized controlled trial

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