Vaccination directed against the human endogenous retrovirus-K (HERV-K) gag protein slows HERV-K gag expressing cell growth in a murine model system

Kraus, Benjamin; Fischer, Katrin; Sliva, Katja; Schnierle, Barbara S.

doi:10.1186/1743-422x-11-58

Cited by 30 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Recently, HERV-K has been studied as a molecular biomarker for melanoma and other malignancies, and as a vaccine candidate for cancer treatment. [61][62][63] Further studies are warranted to examine and validate the activation and function of HERV-K in melanoma and other cancers, which should help improve the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and other human diseases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

K-type human endogenous retroviral elements in human melanoma

Rincon¹,

Sedrak²,

Sun³

et al. 2014

AGG

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Human endogenous retroviral elements (HERVs) are thought to be germline-integrated genetic remnants of exogenous retroviral infections. HERVs comprise approximately 5%-8% of the human genome. Although all HERV genomes are highly defective, some, especially the K type (HERV-K), have the potential to be expressed and have biological activities. HERV-K expression has been detected in human melanomas. There are also reports on the regulation and potential activities of HERV-K in melanoma cells. Although a causal link between the activation of HERV-K and melanoma development has yet to be determined, existing data support the further research efforts in this area. In this review, we summarize the published studies on the expression, regulation, and activity of HERV-K in human melanoma.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

K-type human endogenous retroviral elements in human melanoma

Rincon¹,

Sedrak²,

Sun³

et al. 2014

AGG

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“…The vaccinated mice displayed cell-mediated cytotoxic immunity against RLZ-HKenv cells, which can be explained by T-cell-mediated tumor cell lysis induced by the vaccine [85]. This group manifested an analogous study with HERV-K(HML2) Gag protein as the promising target to elicit a long-lived T cell response against tumor in the murine model [86]. A similar strategy has also been employed through adenovirus-mediated delivery of murine melanoma-associated retrovirus (MelARV) proteins Gag and Env to form virus-like particles displaying the cancer-associated MelARV Env to the immune system in mice, which could stimulate T cell response to inhibit murine colorectal tumor growth [87].…”

Section: Immunotherapeutic Strategies Targeting Herv For Cancer Treatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Human Retroviruses to Disease Development—A Focus on the HIV– and HERV–Cancer Relationships and Treatment Strategies

Grandi

Palanivelu

Lin

2020

Viruses

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Animal retroviruses are known for their transforming potential, and this is also true for the ones hosted by humans, which have gathered expanding attention as one of the potent causative agents in various disease, including specific cancer types. For instance, Human T Lymphotropic virus (HTLV) is a well-studied class of oncoviruses causing T cell leukemia, while human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is linked to a series of defining cancers including Kaposi sarcoma, certain types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and cervical cancer. Of note, in addition to these “modern” exogenous retroviruses, our genome harbors a staggering number of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). HERVs are the genetic remnants of ancient retroviral germline infection of human ancestors and are typically silenced in normal tissues due to inactivating mutations and sequence loss. While some HERV elements have been appropriated and contribute to human physiological functions, others can be reactivated through epigenetic dysregulations to express retroviral elements and promote carcinogenesis. Conversely, HERV replication intermediates or protein products can also serve as intrinsic pathogen-associated molecular patterns that cause the immune system to interpret it as an exogenous infection, thereby stimulating immune responses against tumors. As such, HERVs have also been targeted as a potential internal strategy to sensitize tumor cells for promising immunotherapies. In this review, we discuss the dynamic role of human retroviruses in cancer development, focusing on HIV and HERVs contribution. We also describe potential treatment strategies, including immunotherapeutic targeting of HERVs, inhibiting DNA methylation to expose HERV signatures, and the use of antiretroviral drugs against HIV and HERVs, which can be employed as prospective anti-cancer modalities.

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“…This vaccination approach has not yet been clinically tested. A similar strategy has, however, been proposed and investigated for melanoma, using viral vectors [19], and has been successfully explored in mouse models for HERV-K Gag [20].…”

Section: Expert Opinionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does HERV-K represent a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer?

Schulz

2017

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets

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Vaccination directed against the human endogenous retrovirus-K (HERV-K) gag protein slows HERV-K gag expressing cell growth in a murine model system

Cited by 30 publications

References 29 publications

K-type human endogenous retroviral elements in human melanoma

K-type human endogenous retroviral elements in human melanoma

Contribution of Human Retroviruses to Disease Development—A Focus on the HIV– and HERV–Cancer Relationships and Treatment Strategies

Does HERV-K represent a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer?

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