Vaccination Coverage and Its Determinants in Children Aged 11 - 23 Months in an Urban District of Nigeria

Tagbo, Beckie Nnenna; Eke, Christopher Bismarck; Omotowo, Babatunde I; Onwuasigwe, Chika Nwanma; Onyeka, Edelu Benedict; Mildred, Ukoha Oluchi

doi:10.4236/wjv.2014.44020

Cited by 36 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The probable cause may be due to the skill gap and professional negligence to give the vaccine for the children in the setting. However, the finding is similar to a study done in Nigeria that reported 77% full immunization coverage among children [10].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Vaccination Coverage and Associated Factors among Children in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia

Tadesse¹,

Shiferaw²,

Tesfahun³

et al. 2019

Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine

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Vaccination is a proven tool to prevent and eradicate communicable diseases. It can prevent more than 2.5 million child deaths each year. However, many children are still left unvaccinated and still die from communicable diseases in developing countries. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the vaccination status in children at Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2017 to September 2017 in Debre Berhan town. A total of five kebeles were included in the study to collect data from 621 study participants. The data were entered into EPI-Info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Only 73% of children were fully vaccinated. Vaccination for oral polio 0, pentavalent3, and measles was done in 47.3%, 79.7%, and 72.6% of the children, respectively. About 19% of the children did not receive any vaccination. The dropout rate for Bacillus Calmette Guerin to measles, pentavalent1 to pentavalent3, and pneumococcus vaccine (PCV) 1 to PCV3 was 10.7%, 1.8%, and 0.6%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, mother's educational status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.102; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.022-0.487), distance from the vaccination site (AOR: 4.669; 95% CI: 1.498-14.547), number of antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR: 4.472; 95% CI: 1.209-16.543), and income of mother per month (AOR: 2.192; 95% CI: 1.112-4.323) were associated factors for unsuccessful vaccination. The vaccination of children was still low in Debre Berhan town. Distance, family income, education, and number of mothers' ANC visit were associated factors for the low coverage of vaccination. Health intervention programs including encouraging awareness of the community is important to achieve the recommended vaccines among children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Vaccination Coverage and Associated Factors among Children in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia

Tadesse¹,

Shiferaw²,

Tesfahun³

et al. 2019

Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine

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“…The reported knowledge gaps include knowledge of benefits of vaccination [26], scheduling and number of sessions [12, 27–29] and age at which vaccination is started or completed [14, 30]. In some cases, knowledge is expressed in broad terms only, such as knowledge towards immunization [19, 31–33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reasons for defaulting from childhood immunization program: a qualitative study from Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia

A¹,

Letebo²,

Mekonnen³

2016

BMC Public Health

117

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BackgroundReduction of mortality and morbidity from vaccine-preventable diseases in developing countries involves successfully implementing strategies that ensure high coverage and minimize drop-outs and missed opportunities. Achieving maximum coverage, however, has been a challenge due to many reasons, including high rates of defaulters from the program. The objective of this study was to explore the reasons behind defaulting from the immunization program.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted in two districts of Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia between November 2014 and April 2015. A total of twenty-six in-depth interviews were held with mothers of defaulted children aged 6-11months old and key informants from the communities, health centers, and health offices. Observations and review of relevant documents were also conducted. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.ResultsIn this study, the main reason for defaulting from the immunization was inadequate counseling of mothers that led to a lack of information about vaccination schedules and service arrangements, including in unusual circumstances such as after missed appointment, loss of vaccination card and when the health workers failed to make home visits. Provider-client relationships are poor with mothers reporting fear of mistreatment and lack of cooperation from service providers. Contrary to what health workers and managers believe, mothers were knowledgeable about the benefits of vaccination. The high workload on mothers compounded by the lack of support from male partners was also found to contribute to the problem. Health system factors that contributed to the problem were poorly arranged and coordinated immunization services, vaccine and supplies stock outs, and lack of viable defaulter tracking systems in the health facilities.ConclusionsThe main reasons for defaulting from the immunization program are poor counseling of mothers, unsupportive provider-client relationships, poor immunization service arrangements, and lack of systems for tracking defaulters. Efforts to reduce defaulter rates from the immunization program need to focus on improving counseling of mothers and strengthening the health systems, especially with regards to service arrangements and tracking of defaulters.

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“…Through previous studies, the low immunization uptake has been attributed to factors such as maternal education, age, occupation, marital status, residence, access to media, fear of side effects, household wealth and place of delivery [9–11]. Most of these studies have concentrated on individual level factors with little attention paid to contextual characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incomplete childhood immunization in Nigeria: a multilevel analysis of individual and contextual factors

et al. 2017

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BackgroundUnder-five mortality remains high in sub-Saharan Africa despite global decline. One quarter of these deaths are preventable through interventions such as immunization. The aim of this study was to examine the independent effects of individual-, community- and state-level factors on incomplete childhood immunization in Nigeria, which is one of the 10 countries where most of the incompletely immunised children in the world live.MethodsThe study was based on secondary analyses of cross-sectional data from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Multilevel multivariable logistic regression models were applied to the data on 5,754 children aged 12–23 months who were fully immunized or not (level 1), nested within 896 communities (level 2) from 37 states (level 3).ResultsMore than three-quarter of the children (76.3%) were not completely immunized. About 83% of children of young mothers (15–24 years) and 94% of those whose mothers are illiterate did not receive full immunization. In the fully adjusted model, the chances of not being fully immunized reduced for children whose mothers attended antenatal clinic (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.49; 95% credible interval [CrI] = 0.39–0.60), delivered in health facility (aOR = 0.62; 95% CrI = 0.51–0.74) and lived in urban area (aOR = 0.66; 95% CrI = 0.50–0.82). Children whose mothers had difficulty getting to health facility (aOR = 1.28; 95% CrI = 1.02–1.57) and lived in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities (aOR = 2.93; 95% CrI = 1.60–4.71) and states (aOR = 2.69; 955 CrI =1.37–4.73) were more likely to be incompletely immunized.ConclusionsThis study has revealed that the risk of children being incompletely immunized in Nigeria was influenced by not only individual factors but also community- and state-level factors. Interventions to improve child immunization uptake should take into consideration these contextual characteristics.

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Vaccination Coverage and Its Determinants in Children Aged 11 - 23 Months in an Urban District of Nigeria

Cited by 36 publications

References 11 publications

Vaccination Coverage and Associated Factors among Children in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia

Vaccination Coverage and Associated Factors among Children in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia

Reasons for defaulting from childhood immunization program: a qualitative study from Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia

Incomplete childhood immunization in Nigeria: a multilevel analysis of individual and contextual factors

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