Vaccination as a Preventive Measure

Gudding, Roar

doi:10.1002/9781118806913.ch2

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Vaccination in aquaculture has successfully reduced the use of antibiotics while increasing production by protecting fish against pathogens (Gudding, 2014;Håstein et al, 2005;Sommerset et al, 2014). Today, many commercial vaccines against bacterial pathogens are available to aquaculture producers in several countries (Barnes et al, 2016;Håstein et al, 2005;Munang'andu, 2018).…”

Section: Chapter 5: General Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salmonid fish production and antibiotics use in Norway from 1974 to 2009. The figure obtained from Gudding: Vaccination as a Preventive Measure (Gudding, 2014). adjusted for ascertainment bias using Felsenstein's correction implemented in RAxML (Stamatakis, 2014).…”

Section: Declaration By Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, since the introduction of functional vaccines, despite use of antibiotics reduced, the production of Norwegian salmonids cultures reached more than double in last 10 years ( Fig. 1.2) (Gudding, 2014;Håstein et al, 2005;Midtlyng et al, 2011). As a vertebrates, fish possess an adaptive immune system (Press and Lillehaug, 1995).…”

Section: Control Of Bacterial Diseases In Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When vaccine (antigenic substance) is injected in fish, this stimulates the hosts immune system to develop adaptive immunity (Gudding and Van Muiswinkel, 2013;Press and Lillehaug, 1995). Today, vaccination is the most important and widely used way to prevent and control bacterial diseases in cultured fish in developed nations (Gudding, 2014;Håstein et al, 2005).…”

Section: Control Of Bacterial Diseases In Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vaccines have played an important role in the reduction of antibiotic use for disease control and prevention in the aquaculture industry (Håstein et al, 2005;Sommerset et al, 2014). In Norway, since the introduction of functional vaccines against bacterial pathogens during the early 1990s, the production of salmonids has increased more than tenfold while the use of antibiotics has been almost eliminated (Gudding, 2014;Håstein et al, 2005). Currently a number of vaccines have been developed against bacterial pathogens, such as Aeromonas salmonicida, various Vibrio spp., Francisella spp., Yersinia spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A pan genome reverse vaccinology approach to prevent Streptococcus agalactiae infection in farmed tilapia

Kawasaki¹

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Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus; GBS) is a Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium that causes disease in a wide range of animals including fish. Outbreaks of GBS in farmed fish have substantial economic impacts on the aquaculture industry, especially in tilapia production, a staple food product in tropical and subtropical low-and middle-income countries and the second most widely farmed fish after carp. Although vaccination can effectively prevent disease caused by GBS in fish it often fails after relatively short periods of use. Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is the major protective antigen in GBS vaccines and a critical virulence factor. There are currently ten CPS serotypes of GBS and, whilst vaccination against one serotype confers protection in fish, it is not cross-protective against other serotypes. In addition, under the strong selective pressure of vaccination-driven adaptive immunity, evolution of novel serotypes can occur. To improve the serotype crossprotective efficacy of GBS vaccines for aquaculture, I employed a pan-genome reverse vaccinology approach to design candidate serotype-independent protective vaccines based on conserved proteins in fish-pathogenic GBS serotypes. Reverse vaccinology exploits recent advances in genomics to predict antigens in the genome sequence. Reverse vaccinology combined with pan-genome can identify the antigens that are conserved across a diversity of strains of a pathogen.To identify potential vaccine candidate antigens, a pan-genome was constructed for GBS comprising 82 genomes including representative isolates from wild marine fish and stingrays, farm and companion animals and from human clinical cases in Australia, along with isolates from farmed tilapia in Honduras and representative genomes from all current serotypes available via the NCBI Genbank database. Core genome single nucleotide polymorphism 3 (SNP) analysis indicated dissemination of the aquatic host-adapted ST-261 lineage in wild Australian fish from an ancestral tilapia strain, which is congruent with several introductions of tilapia into northern Australia from Israel and Malaysia during the 1970s and 1980s.Aquatic serotype Ib GBS strains have lost many virulence factors during adaptation, but six adhesins, named ST-261 adhesins, were well-conserved across the aquatic isolates and might be critical for virulence in fish and good targets for vaccine development. Three of six ST-261 adhesins were also conserved across all strains including terrestrial isolates and were chosen as vaccine candidates. Expressions of ST-261 adhesin genes were inversely co-regulated with CPS expression dependent upon carbon source and metal ions in the medium. However, gene transcription was not reflective of surface expression as serum antibodies derived in tilapia against recombinant adhesins did not detect similar variation in the level of ST-261 adhesins in whole cell ELISA or Western blot. This may be due to posttranscriptional processing causing a disconnect between gene and protein expression.To evaluate th...

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