Vaccination against δ-Retroviruses: The Bovine Leukemia Virus Paradigm

Gutiérrez, Gerónimo; Rodríguez, Sabrina; Brogniez, Alix de; Gillet, Nicolas; Golime, Ramarao; Burny, Arsène; Jaworski, Juan Pablo; Álvarez, Irene; Vagnoni, Lucas; Trono, K.; Willems, Luc

doi:10.3390/v6062416

Cited by 61 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…-understand the mechanisms of innate and acquired anti-HTLV immunity, response to vaccines (Gutierrez et al, 2014) and immune escape of infected T cells;…”

Section: Develop Preventive and Therapeutic Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the global burden of HTLV-1 infection: An agenda for research and action

et al. 2017

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a b s t r a c tEven though an estimated 10e20 million people worldwide are infected with the oncogenic retrovirus, human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), its epidemiology is poorly understood, and little effort has been made to reduce its prevalence. In response to this situation, the Global Virus Network launched a taskforce in 2014 to develop new methods of prevention and treatment of HTLV-1 infection and promote basic research. HTLV-1 is the etiological agent of two life-threatening diseases, adult T-cell leukemia and HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, for which no effective therapy is currently available. Although the modes of transmission of HTLV-1 resemble those of the more familiar HIV-1, routine diagnostic methods are generally unavailable to support the prevention of new infections. In * Corresponding author. Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA) of University of Liege (ULg), B34, 1 Avenue de l'Hôpital, 4000, Sart-Tilman, Liege, Belgium.E-mail address: luc.willems@ulg.ac.be (L. Willems). Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Antiviral Researchj o u rn a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / a n t iv i r a l the present article, the Taskforce proposes a series of actions to expand epidemiological studies; increase research on mechanisms of HTLV-1 persistence, replication and pathogenesis; discover effective treatments; and develop prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.

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“…-understand the mechanisms of innate and acquired anti-HTLV immunity, response to vaccines (Gutierrez et al, 2014) and immune escape of infected T cells;…”

Section: Develop Preventive and Therapeutic Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the global burden of HTLV-1 infection: An agenda for research and action

et al. 2017

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“…Animals with an increase in white cell count of three standard deviations above the median and with similar counts for a period of not less than two months can be considered to have PL [21]. Over the last decade, major studies involving infected animals have allowed a more thorough classification [2,11,15,16]. Within the PL group, all animals carry a high proviral load and develop a strong immune response against the major antigenic proteins of the viral particle, p24 and gp51, and these are called the high proviral load (HPL) group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many attemps have been made to develop an efficient vaccine. Nevertheless, none of them seems to be fully effective for inducing an immune response strong enough to protect the host against infection [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of TNF-α gene promoter region polymorphisms in bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected cattle with different proviral loads

et al. 2015

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Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in the immune response against viral and other infections. Its expression levels are affected by a polymorphism in the promoter region of the gene. Bovine leukemia virus is a retrovirus that infects cattle and develops two different infection profiles in the host. One profile is characterized by a high number of proviral copies integrated into the host genome and a strong immune response against the virus, while the most relevant property of the other profile is that the number of copies integrated into the host genome is almost undetectable and the immune response is very weak. We selected a population of cattle sufficiently large for statistical analysis and classified them according to whether they had a high or low proviral load (HPL or LPL). Polymorphisms in the promoter region were identified by PCR-RFLP. The results indicated that, in the HPL group, the three possible genotypes were normally distributed and that, in the LPL group, there was a significant association between the proviral load and a low frequency of the G/G genotype at position -824.

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“…119 It is likely that this recombinant provirus is both mutated on the immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motifs cytoplasmic tail of the BLV-gp30 glycoprotein gene and has the G4 and R3 genes deleted. 115 However, no proof of concept has been shown, nor has preliminary data been published concerning the identity of the provirus mutated/deleted genes, the immune protection conferred to the vaccinated animals in the long term, the safety assessment of the vaccine, and the proposed strategy to be used to differentiate vaccinated from infected animals.…”

Section: -101mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine leukemia virus: current perspectives

Juliarena¹,

Barrios²,

Lützelschwab³

et al. 2017

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Enzootic bovine leukosis, caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV), is the most common neoplasm of dairy cattle. Although beef and dairy cattle are susceptible to BLV infection and BLV-associated lymphosarcoma, the disease is more commonly detected in dairy herds, mostly because of the management practices in dairy farms. The pathogenicity of BLV in its natural host, the bovine, depends mainly on the resistance/susceptibility genetics of the animal. The majority of infected cattle are asymptomatic, promoting the extremely high dissemination rate of BLV in many bovine populations. The important productive losses caused by the BLV, added to the health risk of maintaining populations with a high prevalence of infection with a retrovirus, generates the need to implement control measures. Different strategies to control the virus have been attempted. The most effective approach is to identify and cull the totality of infected cattle in the herd. However, this approach is not suitable for herds with high prevalence of infection. At present, no treatment or vaccine has proven effective for the control of BLV. Thus far, the genetic selection of resistant animals emerges as a natural strategy for the containment of the BLV dissemination. In natural conditions, most of the infected, resistant cattle can control the infection, and therefore do not pass the virus to other animals, gradually decreasing the prevalence of the herd.

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Vaccination against δ-Retroviruses: The Bovine Leukemia Virus Paradigm

Cited by 61 publications

References 36 publications

Reducing the global burden of HTLV-1 infection: An agenda for research and action

Reducing the global burden of HTLV-1 infection: An agenda for research and action

Association of TNF-α gene promoter region polymorphisms in bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected cattle with different proviral loads

Bovine leukemia virus: current perspectives

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