Vaccination against Piscirickettsiosis

Marshall, Sergio H.; Tobar, Jaime A.

doi:10.1002/9781118806913.ch21

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The strategy includes microbiological and molecular testing, which is voluntary complemented by vaccination and antibiotic treatments, the latter administered mainly through fish feeds. As the efficacy of vaccination in the field have resulted moderate (Marshall & Tobar 2014), delaying the first outbreak after transfer to the sea but not preventing the disease (Jakob et al 2014), control of SRS has relied heavily on antimicrobials to combat outbreaks and to limit the propagation of the pathogen (Cabello et al 2013). According to the official statistics, over 90% of 563 tons of antimicrobial compounds employed in Chilean aquaculture in 2014 were used for treating piscirickettsiosis (Sernapesca 2015a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive antibiotic susceptibility profiling of Chilean Piscirickettsia salmonis field isolates

Henríquez¹,

Kaiser

Bohle³

et al. 2015

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Antibiotics have been extensively used against infections produced by Piscirickettsia salmonis, a fish pathogen and causative agent of piscirickettsiosis and one of the major concerns for the Chilean salmon industry. Therefore, the emergence of resistant phenotypes is to be expected. With the aim of obtaining a landscape of the antimicrobial resistance of P. salmonis in Chile, the susceptibility profiles for quinolones, florfenicol and oxytetracycline (OTC) of 292 field isolates derived from main rearing areas, different hosts and collected over 5 years were assessed. The results allowed for the determination of epidemiological cut-off values that were used to characterize the pathogen population. This work represents the first large-scale field study addressing the antimicrobial susceptibility of P. salmonis, providing evidence of the existence of resistant types with a high incidence of resistance to quinolones. Remarkably, despite the amounts and frequency of therapies, our results disclosed that the issue of resistance to florfenicol and OTC is still in the onset.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive antibiotic susceptibility profiling of Chilean Piscirickettsia salmonis field isolates

Henríquez¹,

Kaiser

Bohle³

et al. 2015

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…Since its emergence in Chile in the year 1989 (Marshall and Tobar 2014), piscirickettsiosis has been an unrelenting disease that has avoided several control efforts (e.g., vaccines, genetic selection), generating enormous economic losses in the salmoniculture industry (Mauel and Miller 2002). This is consistent with the complexity of managing intracellular bacterial infections that use phagocytic cells to replicate and survive (e.g., macrophages), which have developed advantageous capacities to modify host defensive immune cells for its own benefit (Maudet et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Gene Expression Signature of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles-MicroRNAs from Post-Smolt Coho Salmon Challenged with Piscirickettsia salmonis

et al. 2021

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Piscirickettsiosis is the most important bacterial disease in the Chilean salmon industry, which has borne major economic losses due to failure to control it. Cells use extracellular vesicles (EVs) as an inter-cellular communicators to deliver several factors (e.g., microRNAs) that may regulate the responses of other cells. However, there is limited knowledge about the identification and characterization of EV-miRNAs in salmonids or the effect of infections on these. In this study, Illumina sequencing technology was used to identify Coho salmon plasma EV-miRNAs upon Piscirickettsia salmonis infection at four different time points. A total of 118 novels and 188 known EV-miRNAs, including key immune teleost miRNAs families (e.g., miR-146, miR-122), were identified. A total of 245 EV-miRNAs were detected as differentially expressed (FDR < 5%) in terms of control, with a clear down-regulation pattern throughout the disease. KEGG enrichment results of EV-miRNAs target genes showed that they were grouped mainly in cellular, stress, inflammation and immune responses. Therefore, it is hypothesized that P. salmonis could potentially benefit from unbalanced modulation response of Coho salmon EV-miRNAs in order to promote a hyper-inflammatory and compromised immune response through the suppression of different key immune host miRNAs during the course of the infection, as indicated by the results of this study.

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“…In other aquaculture sectors, vaccines have been less successful, as the cost of development and administration remains high (Secombes 2008 ). For example, a number of vaccines have been designed and commercialized against Piscirickettsia salmonis in Chile with low to moderate efficacy (Marshall and Tobar 2014 ), and Vietnamese farmers have shown overall skepticism to pangasius vaccines due to high costs, extensive labor efforts to inject individual fish, and limited survival improvements (Phu et al 2016 ).…”

Section: Mechanisms To Control Am Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Unpacking factors influencing antimicrobial use in global aquaculture and their implication for management: a review from a systems perspective

et al. 2017

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Global seafood provides almost 20% of all animal protein in diets, and aquaculture is, despite weakening trends, the fastest growing food sector worldwide. Recent increases in production have largely been achieved through intensification of existing farming systems, resulting in higher risks of disease outbreaks. This has led to increased use of antimicrobials (AMs) and consequent antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in many farming sectors, which may compromise the treatment of bacterial infections in the aquaculture species itself and increase the risks of AMR in humans through zoonotic diseases or through the transfer of AMR genes to human bacteria. Multiple stakeholders have, as a result, criticized the aquaculture industry, resulting in consequent regulations in some countries. AM use in aquaculture differs from that in livestock farming due to aquaculture’s greater diversity of species and farming systems, alternative means of AM application, and less consolidated farming practices in many regions. This, together with less research on AM use in aquaculture in general, suggests that large data gaps persist with regards to its overall use, breakdowns by species and system, and how AMs become distributed in, and impact on, the overall social-ecological systems in which they are embedded. This paper identifies the main factors (and challenges) behind application rates, which enables discussion of mitigation pathways. From a set of identified key mechanisms for AM usage, six proximate factors are identified: vulnerability to bacterial disease, AM access, disease diagnostic capacity, AMR, target markets and food safety regulations, and certification. Building upon these can enable local governments to reduce AM use through farmer training, spatial planning, assistance with disease identification, and stricter regulations. National governments and international organizations could, in turn, assist with disease-free juveniles and vaccines, enforce rigid monitoring of the quantity and quality of AMs used by farmers and the AM residues in the farmed species and in the environment, and promote measures to reduce potential human health risks associated with AMR.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s11625-017-0511-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Vaccination against Piscirickettsiosis

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Comprehensive antibiotic susceptibility profiling of Chilean Piscirickettsia salmonis field isolates

Comprehensive antibiotic susceptibility profiling of Chilean Piscirickettsia salmonis field isolates

Temporal Gene Expression Signature of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles-MicroRNAs from Post-Smolt Coho Salmon Challenged with Piscirickettsia salmonis

Unpacking factors influencing antimicrobial use in global aquaculture and their implication for management: a review from a systems perspective

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