Vaccination against Bovine Babesiosis

Vos, A.J. De; Bock, R.E.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05333.x

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Thus, the frozen vaccine at a dose of 1 × 10 8 probably is good enough, considering that some of the immunogenic parasites would die during freezing and thawing. In Brazil, using a frozen live vaccine attenuated by passages in calves at a dose of 1 × 10 7 showed similar results in terms of clinical findings, and solid protection was demonstrated in both artificial and natural challenging 14. An important advantage for the frozen vaccines has been reported, as that allows us to verify quality control before releasing 15…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…These results could indicate that the animals in the latter study were exposed to a higher tick infection rate. Using live vaccines derived from multiple passage in splenectomized calves caused some reactions in older animals and minimum risk for young animals 14. All immunized animals, with the exception of two from group IV, were able to resist the field challenge, which was so severe that it produced evident signs of babesiosis, such as recumbency, pallor, marked weight loss, and nervous signs in the control animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Field Challenge of Cattle Vaccinated with a Combined Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina Frozen Immunogen

Alvarez¹,

Ramos²,

Rojas³

et al. 2004

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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To determine the optimal dose of a combined, frozen immunogen containing in vitro culture-derived strains of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina, twenty-four 14-month-old Bos taurus steers from a Boophilus microplus-free area in Northern Mexico were used in this experiment. Cattle were randomly allocated into six groups with four animals each, and were intramuscularly inoculated as follows: group 1 (control animals) were administered with normal bovine erythrocytes; group 2 received 1 x 10(7) B. bovis- and B. bigemina-infected erythrocytes as a combined fresh immunogen. Groups 3-6 were inoculated with a combined frozen immunogen containing (previous to cryopreservation at -196 degrees C) 1 x 10(7), 5 x 10(7), 1 x 10(8), and 5 x 10(8) infected erythrocytes of each parasite species, respectively. Four months after immunization, principal and control animals were translocated to a bovine babesiosis endemic zone for field challenge. This was carried out by introducing the experimental cattle to tick-infested pastures for 30 days without ixodicide treatment. Cattle were monitored from day 8 postintroduction to the field (PIF) by recording the manifestation of clinical disease, rectal temperature values (RT), packed cell volume index (PCV), and percent of parasitized erythrocytes (PPE). At challenge, all experimental cattle became infected with both Babesia bovis and B. bigemina. However, except for two animals from group 6, none of the vaccinated animals showed signs of acute clinical babesiosis; therefore, no treatment was instituted. Out of six animals showing acute clinical babesiosis (four group 1 controls and two group 6 vaccinates), two animals (one from each group) died, despite babesiacide treatment, as they manifested classical cerebral babesiosis caused by B. bovis. Regardless of the dose or type of immunogen used (combined fresh or frozen), 90% of vaccinated cattle were determined to be protected against the virulent Babesia sp. field isolates. Nevertheless, by evaluating clinical parameters, such as average of maximum drop in PVC index (28.5%), average duration of parasitemia (3 days for B. bovis; 8.5 days for B. bigemina), and average duration of RT values > or = 39.5 degrees C (2 days), animals receiving 1 x 10(8) infected erythrocytes, as combined frozen immunogen, were more efficaciously protected against challenge with virulent B. bovis and B. bigemina field isolates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Field Challenge of Cattle Vaccinated with a Combined Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina Frozen Immunogen

Alvarez¹,

Ramos²,

Rojas³

et al. 2004

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…This concomitant immunity may contribute to a protective immune response by providing a continual source of antigenic stimulation, which in one model of Leishmania major infection, is required for the maintenance of effector memory T cell responses (8). Concomitant immunity is the basis for using live Babesia vaccines attenuated by passage through splenectomized cattle (9). However, live vaccines are not without risk, which includes transmission of other blood-borne pathogens and failure due to vaccine breakthroughs (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concomitant immunity is the basis for using live Babesia vaccines attenuated by passage through splenectomized cattle (9). However, live vaccines are not without risk, which includes transmission of other blood-borne pathogens and failure due to vaccine breakthroughs (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for recombinant vaccines against Babesia bovis and related parasites

Brown

Norimine

Goff

et al. 2006

Parasite Immunology

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Babesial parasites infect cattle in tropical and temperate regions of the world and cause significant morbidity and mortality. Discovery of protective antigens that could be used in a killed vaccine has been slow and to date there are few promising vaccine candidates for cattle Babesia. This review describes mechanisms of protective innate and adaptive immune responses to babesial parasites and different strategies to identify potentially protective protein antigens of B. bovis, B. bigemina, and B. divergens. Successful parasites often cause persistent infection, and this paper also discusses how B. bovis evades and regulates the immune response to promote survival of parasite and host. Development of successful non-living recombinant vaccines will depend on increased understanding of protective immune mechanisms and availability of parasite genomes.

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“…The attenuation of B. bovis and B. bigemina is performed by serially passaging the organisms in splenectomized calves (1). However, the global use of live vaccines is limited due to the expense and time required to produce the vaccines, vaccine breakthrough due to strain variations, and risk of contamination with other bovine blood pathogens (14,15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic Analysis of Babesia Isolates from Cattle with Clinical Babesiosis in Sri Lanka

et al. 2018

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Bovine babesiosis is a serious threat to the cattle industry. We prepared blood DNA samples from 13 cattle with clinical babesiosis from the Badulla ( = 8), Jaffna ( = 3), and Kilinochchi ( = 2) districts in Sri Lanka. These DNA samples tested positive in PCR assays specific for ( = 9), ( = 9), and ( = 1). Twelve cattle were positive for and/or One cow was negative for the tested species but was positive for on microscopic examination; the phylogenetic positions of 18S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit III gene sequences suggested that the cow was infected with sp. Mymensingh, which was recently reported from a healthy cow in Bangladesh. We then developed a novel sp. Mymensingh-specific PCR assay and obtained positive results for one other sample. Analysis of gene sequences from the cow with positive -specific PCR results demonstrated that the animal was infected not with but with sp. Hue-1, which was recently reported from asymptomatic cattle in Vietnam. The virulence of sp. Hue-1 is unclear, as the cow was coinfected with and However, sp. Mymensingh probably causes severe clinical babesiosis, as it was the sole species detected in a clinical case. The present study revealed the presence of two bovine species not previously reported in Sri Lanka, plus the first case of severe bovine babesiosis caused by a species other than ,, and .

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Vaccination against Bovine Babesiosis

Cited by 42 publications

References 21 publications

Field Challenge of Cattle Vaccinated with a Combined Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina Frozen Immunogen

Field Challenge of Cattle Vaccinated with a Combined Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina Frozen Immunogen

Prospects for recombinant vaccines against Babesia bovis and related parasites

Genetic Analysis of Babesia Isolates from Cattle with Clinical Babesiosis in Sri Lanka

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