Vaccinating Australia: How long will it take?

Abstract

The Australian Government's COVID-19 vaccine rollout strategy is scheduled to commence in late February 2021 and aims to vaccinate the Australian adult population by the end of October 2021. The task of vaccinating some 20 million people within this timeframe presents considerable logistical challenges. Key to meeting this target is the rate of vaccine delivery: the number of vaccine doses that can be administered per day. In the opening phase, high priority groups will receive the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine through hospital hubs at an initial rate of 80,000 doses per week. However, pending regulatory approval, the currently announced plan appears to be to distribute the AstraZeneca vaccine to the bulk of the popluation through a combination of general practices and community pharmacies. Here, we run a series of projections to estimate how long it will take to vaccinate the Australian population under different assumptions about the rate of vaccine administration as well as the schedule for second doses and prevalence of vaccine hesitancy. Our analysis highlights the ambitious rate of vaccine administration that will be neccessary to meet the Australian Government completion target of October 2021. A rate of 200,000 doses per day would comfortably meet that target; 80,000 doses a day would see roll-out extended until mid-2022. Speed is of the essence when it comes to vaccine rollout: protecting the population quickly will minimise the risk of sporadic and costly lockdowns lockdowns and the potential for small, local clusters getting out of control and sparking new epidemic waves. The government should gather all its resources to maximise the daily vaccination rate, ideally aiming to ramp up administration to at least 200,000 doses per day as quickly as possible. Quickly achieving and maintaining this pace will likely require dedicated large-scale vaccination sites that are capable of delivering thousands of doses a week in addition to the enthusiastic participation of GP practices and community pharmacies around the country. Lessons on the neccessary logistical planning, including coordination of delivery, ultra-cold-chain storage and staffing, can potentially be learned from Israel, where between 7,000 and 20,000 vaccinations per million population have been delivered daily throughout January.

Uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among people who inject drugs

“…Factors hypothesised to be associated with vaccine uptake among PWID were assessed. Demographic characteristics included in the model were gender [24], sexual identity [25], age [26], Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island background [27], and language spoken at home by parents [4]. The following variables were also hypothesised to be associated with vaccine uptake: HIV and HCV antibody serostatus [28,29], frequency of injection and drug last injected as a proxies for severity of substance use disorder and possible indicators of structural barriers to accessing health care [30], and current opioid agonist therapy (OAT) and recent (past year) imprisonment given the potential for greater access to health professionals to facilitate vaccination in these settings.…”

How will mass-vaccination change COVID-19 lockdown requirements in Australia?

“…The Australian response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been very effective to date. Strict control measures, including travel re-The national COVID-19 vaccine rollout strategy developed by the Australian Government commenced in late February 2021, aiming to vaccinate a significant portion of the Australian population (the majority of the adult population) by the end of October 2021 [3] . The first phase of the strategy targets priority groups with the BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccine, while the remainder of the population will receive the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) vaccine during phases two and three.…”

Modelling vaccination capacity at mass vaccination hubs and general practice clinics

“…Projections indicate that a rate of 200,000 daily vaccinations would be required to deliver two doses each to all willing Australians in a six month period. 9 CSL, the pharmaceutical company responsible for manufacturing the AstraZeneca vaccine in Australia, aims to produce one million doses per week. This suggests that once local manufacturing is operational-combined with ongoing deliveries of the Pfizer vaccine, and future deliveries of the Novavax vaccine-there feasibly will be enough doses available to aim for the target of 200,000 administered doses per day.…”