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An economical upflow bio-filter circuit (UBFC): a biocatalyst microbial fuel cell for sulfate–sulfide rich wastewater treatment

“…They can be treated by electrochemical techniques to convert them into insoluble solid forms like elemental sulfur 5-10 or pyrite. [11][12][13][14] Recently, microbial fuel cells (MFC) have been developed for wastewater treatment in which bioelectrochemical methods are used to mineralize organic and inorganic matters to non-toxic forms and at the same time generate electricity. This approach has a number of advantages over existing methods including superior efficiency, minimal area requirements, less maintenance and high stability.…”