V1 neurons respond differently to object motion versus motion from eye movements

Troncoso, Xoana G.; McCamy, Michael B.; Jazi, Ali Najafian; Cui, Jie; Otero‐Millan, Jorge; Macknik, Stephen L.; Costela, Francisco M.; Martínez-Conde, Susana

doi:10.1038/ncomms9114

Cited by 41 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Iig andThier, 1996, Fischer et al, 1981). Others have reported responses that were mostly compatible with at least some level of extra-retinal modulation (e.g., Gawne andMartin, 2002, Kagan et al, 2008) and some have argued strongly for differential responses, including very recent work readdressing this old but yet unsettled question (Troncoso et al, 2015, e.g., McFarland et al, 2015. This discrepancy across studies may be related to differences in the experimental paradigms and data analysis methods employed (Troncoso et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing suppression of saccade-related transients along the human visual hierarchy

Golan

Davidesco

Meshulam

et al. 2017

Preprint

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A key hallmark of visual perceptual awareness is robustness to instabilities arising from unnoticeable eye and eyelid movements. In previous human intracranial (iEEG) work (Golan et al., 2016) we found that excitatory broadband high-frequency activity transients, driven by eye blinks, are suppressed in higher-level but not early visual cortex. Here, we utilized the broad anatomical coverage of iEEG recordings in 12 eye-tracked neurosurgical patients to test whether a similar stabilizing mechanism operates following small saccades. We compared saccades (1.3°-3.7°) initiated during inspection of large individual visual objects with similarly-sized external stimulus displacements. Early visual cortex sites responded with positive transients to both conditions. In contrast, in both dorsal and ventral higher-level sites the response to saccades (but not to external displacements) was suppressed. These findings indicate that early visual cortex is highly unstable compared to higher-level visual regions which apparently constitute the main target of stabilizing extraretinal oculomotor influences.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing suppression of saccade-related transients along the human visual hierarchy

Golan

Davidesco

Meshulam

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…These analyses revealed that the prevalence of microsaccades transiently rose before periods of increased visibility, and transiently dropped before periods of diminished visibility for all SFs tested. In combination with our previous recordings of microsaccade‐triggered neural transients in the primate visual system (Martinez‐Conde et al ., , ; Troncoso et al ., ), the present results support the proposal that transients from microsaccades are beneficial to perception (Livingstone et al ., ; Macknik & Livingstone, ; Martinez‐Conde et al ., , ). More generally, our findings suggest that microsaccades do not modulate perception in exceptional circumstances applying only to narrow stimuli sets or viewing conditions, but as a habitual rule.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in visibility as a function of spatial frequency and microsaccade occurrence

Costela

McCamy

Coffelt

et al. 2017

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Fixational eye movements (FEMs), including microsaccades, drift, and tremor, shift our eye position during ocular fixation, producing retinal motion that is thought to help visibility by counteracting neural adaptation to unchanging stimulation. Yet, how each FEM type influences this process is still debated. Recent studies found little to no relationship between microsaccades and visual perception of spatial frequencies (SF). However, these conclusions were based on coarse analyses that make it hard to appreciate the actual effects of microsaccades on target visibility as a function of SF. Thus, how microsaccades contribute to the visibility of stimuli of different SFs remains unclear. Here, we asked how the visibility of targets of various SFs changed over time, in relationship with concurrent microsaccade production. Participants continuously reported on changes in target visibility, allowing us to time-lock ongoing changes in microsaccade parameters to perceptual transitions in visibility. Microsaccades restored/increased the visibility of low SF targets more efficiently than that of high SF targets. Yet, microsaccade rates rose before periods of increased visibility, and dropped before periods of diminished visibility, for all the SFs tested, suggesting that microsaccades boosted target visibility across a wide range of SFs. Our data also indicate that visual stimuli fade/become harder to see less often in the presence of microsaccades. In addition, larger microsaccades restored/increased target visibility more effectively than smaller microsaccades. These combined results support the proposal that microsaccades enhance visibility across a broad variety of SFs.

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“…Recently, studies have also implicated the rebound response in the issue of saccade-based termination (Niemeyer and Paradiso 2018) and object motion versus motion from eye movements (Troncoso et al 2015). In addition, the rebound response can be used by the visual system as a tool for memory storage and, thus, to overcome the tendency of certain neurons to signal a transient response and, therefore, to transmit only or mainly, changes in time.…”

Section: Previous Computational Models -mentioning

confidence: 99%

The rebound response plays a role in the motion mechanisms and perception

Cohen-Duwek

Spitzer

2020

Preprint

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9Motion estimation is an essential ability for sighted animals to survive in their natural 10 environment. Many anatomical and electrophysiological studies on low visual levels have been 11 based on the classic pioneering HRC (Hassenstein & Reichaedt Correlator) computational model. 12 The accumulated experimental findings, which have given rise to a debate in the current 13 computational models regarding the interaction between the On and Off pathways. The previous 14 algorithms were challenged to correctly predict physiological experiment results and the two types 15 of motion: a) Phi motion, also termed apparent motion. b) Reverse-phi motion that is perceived 16 when the image contrast flips during the rapid succession. We have developed a computational 17 model supported by simulations, which for the first time leads to correct predictions of the 18 behavioral motions (phi and reverse-phi), while considering separated On and Off pathways and is 19 also in agreement with the relevant electrophysiological findings. This has been achieved through 20 the well-known neuronal response: the rebound response or "Off response". We suggest that the 21 rebound response, which has not been taken into account in the previous models, is a key player in 22 the motion mechanism, and its existence requires separation between the On and the Off pathways 23 for correct motion interpretation. We furthermore suggest that the criterial reverse-phi effect is 24 only an epiphenomenon of the rebound response for the visual system. The theoretical predictions 25 are confirmed by a psychophysical experiment on human subjects. Our findings shed new light on 26 the comprehensive role of the rebound response as a parsimonious spatiotemporal detector for 27 motion and additional memory tasks, such as for stabilization and navigation. 28 29 32the external world. This information enables animals to perform tracking, navigation stabilization, 33 and etc. A knowledge of the neuronal mechanisms and the structures of the motion detectors is 34 critical to understand how an animal behaves in its complex world. 35In general, animals, from mammals to insects, are sensitive to two types of motion. These were 36 described by pioneering studies, as a common apparent or phi motion, and an illusory motion, the 37 reverse-phi illusion (Anstis 1970). Phi motion requires at least two alternating stimuli, where the 38 second stimulus, is slightly shifted spatially relative to the first stimulus. This configuration yields 39 a perception of motion in the direction of the second stimulus. In contrast, for reverse-phi motion, 40 the second stimulus is displayed with inverse contrast polarity (in addition to the shift in spatial 41 location, as for phi motion). This yields a perception of motion in the opposite direction towards 42 the first stimulus (Anstis 1970). 43 65 into two types, where the first assumes that directionality can be detected by discrete ON and OFF 66 pathways (Leonhardt et al. 2017, 2016), while the second type assumes that there must...

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V1 neurons respond differently to object motion versus motion from eye movements

Cited by 41 publications

References 52 publications

Increasing suppression of saccade-related transients along the human visual hierarchy

Increasing suppression of saccade-related transients along the human visual hierarchy

Changes in visibility as a function of spatial frequency and microsaccade occurrence

The rebound response plays a role in the motion mechanisms and perception

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