V - Studies of the epidermal structures of birds

Hosker, Anne

doi:10.1098/rstb.1936.0006

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…In the chicken, the first molting generally begins at around two weeks post hatching [4], and it is therefore possible that complex features of the flight feather would be provided at molting after hatching. However, it has been stated in some previous reports that the first molting from the natal down feather to the remex-type flight feathers is much earlier than that for other feather types [4, 8, 9] (see also Fig. 1b-f).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…138–141 in [4]) showed bar charts representing the history of feathers on several body tracts of the chicken, in which the first molting in the FFF region was shown to be very early in the chick, but no definite data were shown in that report. An old report by Hosker [8] showed a feather from the wing of a one-day-old chick (Fig. 27 in [8]) that has clear two parts arranged linearly, but there is no mention about whether that specimen is a flight feather in the FFF region in that report.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An old report by Hosker [8] showed a feather from the wing of a one-day-old chick (Fig. 27 in [8]) that has clear two parts arranged linearly, but there is no mention about whether that specimen is a flight feather in the FFF region in that report. Therefore, we decided to repeat these observations and confirm how early the first molting occurs in the FFF region in the chicken.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1b-f). Moreover, Hosker [8] reported that the feather follicles for the remiges reach the wing bone by the time of hatching, although details remain obscure. In order to clarify the early origin of flight feathers, we speculated that flight feather development may start much earlier as an embryonic event in mid-development in chicken.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flight feather development: its early specialization during embryogenesis

et al. 2018

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BackgroundFlight feathers, a type of feather that is unique to extant/extinct birds and some non-avian dinosaurs, are the most evolutionally advanced type of feather. In general, feather types are formed in the second or later generation of feathers at the first and following molting, and the first molting begins at around two weeks post hatching in chicken. However, it has been stated in some previous reports that the first molting from the natal down feathers to the flight feathers is much earlier than that for other feather types, suggesting that flight feather formation starts as an embryonic event. The aim of this study was to determine the inception of flight feather morphogenesis and to identify embryological processes specific to flight feathers in contrast to those of down feathers.ResultsWe found that the second generation of feather that shows a flight feather-type arrangement has already started developing by chick embryonic day 18, deep in the skin of the flight feather-forming region. This was confirmed by shh gene expression that shows barb pattern, and the expression pattern revealed that the second generation of feather development in the flight feather-forming region seems to start by embryonic day 14. The first stage at which we detected a specific morphology of the feather bud in the flight feather-forming region was embryonic day 11, when internal invagination of the feather bud starts, while the external morphology of the feather bud is radial down-type.ConclusionThe morphogenesis for the flight feather, the most advanced type of feather, has been drastically modified from the beginning of feather morphogenesis, suggesting that early modification of the embryonic morphogenetic process may have played a crucial role in the morphological evolution of this key innovation. Co-optation of molecular cues for axial morphogenesis in limb skeletal development may be able to modify morphogenesis of the feather bud, giving rise to flight feather-specific morphogenesis of traits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flight feather development: its early specialization during embryogenesis

et al. 2018

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“…The rachidial ridge represents the part of the collar that is not subdivided into barb ridges and it is not derived from the multiple fusion of more barb ridges as was indicated by Hoosker (1936). The ridge appears as a circular and multi-layered epithelium similar to that of the papillary collar, but is present in the dorsal part of the follicle between the surrounding barb ridges (Figures 1, F1-F3).…”

Section: Rachis Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follicular patterns during feather morphogenesis in relation to the formation of asymmetric feathers, filoplumes and bristles

Alibardi

2009

Italian Journal of Zoology

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The present microscopic study on follicles of regenerating feathers describes the pattern of morphogenesis responsible for the formation of symmetric and asymmetric feathers, filoplumes and bristles. Barb ridges are generated in the ventral locus of the follicle and merge into a rachis located in the dorsal side after helicoidal growth along the ramogenic collar. Asymmetric feathers result from the elongation of rami of larger size on one side with respect to the opposite side of the follicle before merging into the rachis. The increase in length of barb ridges along the collar may derive from the higher number of cells incorporated in the ramus, from the increase of cell size or elongation within barb ridges, or from the shifting of the ventral locus along the collar. The latter produces the formation of more elongated rami on one side of the follicle with respect to the rami with the same size formed on the opposite side. These processes determine an increase of the length of helical growth of barbs on one side of the follicle and the formation of the longer rami in asymmetric feathers. The change in pattern of barb ridge formation gives origin to bristles and filoplumes.

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Abnormal morphogenesis of feather structures and pattern in the chick embryo integument. II. Histological description

Brotman

1977

J. Exp. Zool.

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The development of skin and feathers in highly feathered scaleless mutants and normal Single Comb White Leghorn chick embryos was analyzed histologically. In addition, the growth of mutant feathers in chorioallantoic membrane culture is reported as a verification of several inferences made from observations of serially staged fixed specimens. The most striking feature of scaleless high line feather development is the widespread appearance of condensed or nearly condensed dermis. The discrete arrangement of normal placodes with underlying condensed dermis is replaced in the mutant by a heterogeneously shaped group of extremely large islands of columnar ("placodized") epithelium as long as 3,000 micron. The shape and extent of the condensed areas of dermis reflect the shape and extent of the overlying "placodized" epithelium. The polarity of the epidermis in normal feather germs, i.e., thicker epidermis on the posterior surface, is absent in mutant feather germs. This absence of epidermal polarity is reflected in the aberrant outgrowth of the mutant feather primordial. In the mutant, the basal cell layer of the epidermis invades the dermal core of the aberrant feather germs and may form barb vane ridges or feather sheaths. This process had no counterpart in the development of normal down feathers.

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V - Studies of the epidermal structures of birds

Abstract: LONDON P rin ted and P u b lish ed for the R oyal S o ciety

Cited by 28 publications

References 1 publication

Flight feather development: its early specialization during embryogenesis

Flight feather development: its early specialization during embryogenesis

Follicular patterns during feather morphogenesis in relation to the formation of asymmetric feathers, filoplumes and bristles

Abnormal morphogenesis of feather structures and pattern in the chick embryo integument. II. Histological description

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