V—Fairness

Giving Each Person Her Due: Taurek Cases and Non-Comparative Justice

“…John Broome has, indeed, developed such a "threshold reason" view of this kind for Taurek cases, but within his framework of comparative justice. (Broome 1990;2002)) Indeed, I am not only untroubled by the accusation that invoking catastrophe clauses is irrational; I also agree with Veronique Munoz-Dardé that it is the anti-Taurekian who has a problem with large numbers and not those sympathetic to Taurek's view:…”

“…In my view even if the singleton wins the coin toss, her claim to be saved has been misrepresented if it is interpreted as a fair share of some distributive resource. So I am committed to seeing non-comparative claims as prior to comparative ones and that marks an interesting difference between my view and that of John Broome's (1990). He believes that fairness requires that if someone gets anything, then everyone should get something; in other words, fairness is a comparative idea through and through.…”

The Toss‐Up Between a Profiting, Innocent Threat and His Victim

“…When different people have similarly strong claims to a good, it is fair to assign equal amounts of it to each of them (Broome, 1984;Broome, 1991). In non-responsible threat cases, however, the good in question is indivisible.…”

Theories of Fairness and Aggregation

“…A popular answer, advocated for by John Broome (1990), is that John must divide the £60 proportional to the claims of Ann and Bob. As Ann and Bob have claims of £80 and £40 respectively, a proportional division of £60 results in the allocation (40,20) in which Ann receives £40 and Bob £20.…”

“…We introduce the claims approach and the games approach to fair division and explain that both approaches can be used to model fair division problems such as Problem I and II. Ever since Broome's seminal paper on fairness (Broome 1990), fair division problems are modelled as claims problems in the philosophical literature (see Hooker 2005;Saunders 2010;Tomlin 2012;Curtis 2014or Piller 2017 for an overview). However, by drawing on O'Neill (1982), we observe that the very same fair division problems can also be modelled as cooperative games.…”