Uveitis and Immunological Disorders

Pleyer, U; Forrester, John V.

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69459-5

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…-Sarcoidosis: the diagnosis is based on consistent clinical findings either with a positive transbronchial biopsy or with two of the following three diagnostic criteria: elevated angiotensin converting enzyme or lysozyme, cutaneous anergy, and positive chest radiography [4,5]; -Pars planitis: commonly indicates a subset of intermediate uveitis where there is snowbank or snowball formation occurring in the absence of an associated infection or systemic disease (that is, ''idiopathic'') [6]; -Herpetic anterior uveitis: intraocular inflammation that is usually acute, unilateral, and granulomatous with posterior synechiae and sectoral iris atrophy [7,8] [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The causes of uveitis in a referral centre of Northern Italy

et al. 2010

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Uveitis is a complex intraocular inflammatory disease resulting from several aetiological entities that are linked to geographical, genetic and socioeconomic variables. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the distribution patterns of uveitis as seen in a nationwide referral centre at a community hospital in Reggio Emilia, northern Italy, and to compare our data with those reported in previously published international series. The records of 1064 patients of Italian origin with uveitis referred to the Immunology Ocular Unit of the Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova Hospital in Reggio Emilia from 2002 to 2008 were classified and analysed. Data regarding sex, race, residence, age at presentation and at onset of uveitis, ocular involvement, clinical characteristics, ocular condition, and systemic disease associations were collected. The mean age at onset of uveitis was 41 years (range: 1-94), and the male-to-female ratio was 1:1.2. Anterior uveitis was the most common location (51.2%), followed by posterior uveitis (23.4%), panuveitis (19.6%), and intermediate uveitis (5.8%). The most frequent entities included Fuchs uveitis (22.7%), herpetic anterior uveitis (9.9%), toxoplasmosis (6.9%), HLA-B27-associated anterior uveitis (5.3%), and Behçet's disease (5.3%). The distribution we observed of the most common disease entities conformed to previous international series. In our series, Fuchs uveitis represented the most common diagnosis (22.7%, 45% of anterior uveitis). The high percentage of specific diagnosis (74%) can be explained by the establishment of new disease categories over time as well as by a systematic multi-disciplinary diagnostic approach.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The causes of uveitis in a referral centre of Northern Italy

et al. 2010

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“…Diabetic patients, 1% to 6%, had uveitis in the iris, the most common localization of uveitis in diabetic humans [8–10]. Destruction of the blood retina barrier, increased blood permeability, and increased susceptibility to infection are considered to be involved in diabetes-associated uveitis but the details of pathogenesis still remain unknown [11–13]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Inflammation in Uveal Tract in Aged Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats (Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Fatty Rats)

Kemmochi

Miyajima

Ohta

et al. 2014

Journal of Diabetes Research

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We report uveitis observed in an obese type 2 diabetes rat model, Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Leprfa (SDT fatty) rats aged over 50 weeks. The eyes of SDT fatty rats (16 animals: 7 males and 9 females with 50 or 60 weeks of age) were examined histopathologically. Infiltration of inflammatory cells in the uveal tract was observed in 13 of 16 animals. One female showed severe inflammation affecting the entire uveal tract including the iris, ciliary body, and choroid with a variety of inflammatory cells (neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages). Those changes clinically mimic the findings of diabetic iridocyclitis in diabetic patients. Uveitis associated with diabetes can occur in diabetic patients but the pathogenesis still remains unknown. Since increased extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen and abscess in the genital and lower urinary tracts were observed in some SDT fatty rats, increased susceptibility to infection, prolongation of inflammatory states, and disorders of the immune system were considered to be possible factors of the uveitis in aged SDT fatty rats. There have been few reports on how diabetes has influence on the development of uveitis associated with bacterial infection. The SDT fatty rat can be an animal model to investigate diabetes-associated uveitis.

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“…In general, NTBUT measurements of < 10 s are indicative of dry eye disease. 14 Cox et al 24 looked at the agreement between automated and traditional break up time measures and the repeatability of them and found that the average NTBUT measurement given by the OK4 showed better between-visit agreement compared to the first break up time measurement given. Jiang et al 25 investigated the use of the Keratograph in order to measure the tear break up time in dry eye disease and subjects with age-related cataracts and their study revealed that the Keratograph proves to be an effective method for determining the tear film stability via NTBUT measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,12,13 A value of < 10 s is indicative of dry eye, whether the invasive or noninvasive form of this test is used. 14 The correlations between various diagnostic testing methods have been investigated, and for example, when comparing the TMH versus NTBUT, no correlation exists between these two variables. 15 Nichols et al 15 found NTBUT to be correlated with Schirmer test results and found that the height of the tear meniscus does not correlate with any of the other variables within their study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of non-invasive tear break up time and tear meniscus height of keratoconic versus non-keratoconic individuals

Nicholas

Gillan

2016

African Vision and Eye Health

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Keratoconus is a debilitating condition where the cornea develops a conical shape rather than the characteristic round shape due to various physiological and structural changes taking place within the layers of the cornea. As a result of the pathogenesis of keratoconus, there are numerous changes that may occur within the tears of these patients. Research has shown changes in the tear metabolome, the presence of degradation products as well as loss of goblet cells into the tears. Could the changes occurring within the tear structure of these patients affect the results of various tear quantity and quality tests? Non-invasive tear break up time (NTBUT) is a diagnostic test used to determine the quality of the tear film and has been used extensively when diagnosing dry eye disease. This test is utilised in order to determine the time taken for the tear film to begin breaking apart, signalling thinning of the tears. Shorter break up times are therefore indicative of instability or changes occurring within the tear film which could be diagnostic of dry eye disease. Tear meniscus height (TMH) measurements have also been utilised in clinical practice, where these measurements provide an indication of the volume of tears contained within the upper and lower menisci. Lower tear volumes have been shown to be present in cases of dry eye disease where either tear production or tear drainage may be affected. Changes in the quality and quantity of the tear film in subjects with dry eye disease have been thoroughly investigated; however, the same cannot be said for subjects with keratoconus. Could the same findings be possible in subjects with keratoconus? Is it possible that the changes occurring within the tears of keratoconic subjects could lead to abnormal NTBUT and TMH measurements when compared to those of control subjects? Could the results of the NTBUT and TMH tests be related to one another? This study compares the NTBUT and TMH measurements of both keratoconic and control subjects by making use of a single type of instrumentation, namely the Oculus Keratograph 4 (OK4). The results of this study reveal that the values obtained for each of the two subject groups are not shown to be statistically significantly different and that there is no significant correlation between the NTBUT and TMH measurements when comparing keratoconic and control subjects.

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Uveitis and Immunological Disorders

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

The causes of uveitis in a referral centre of Northern Italy

The causes of uveitis in a referral centre of Northern Italy

Ocular Inflammation in Uveal Tract in Aged Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats (Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Fatty Rats)

An investigation of non-invasive tear break up time and tear meniscus height of keratoconic versus non-keratoconic individuals

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