Uveitis: a sight-threatening disease which can impact all systems

Krishna, Unnat; Ajanaku, Deji; Denniston, Alastair K; Gkika, Theodora

doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2017-134891

Cited by 88 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Autoimmune uveitis, an inflammation of the uvea (iris, ciliary body, and choroid tissue) and even adjacent tissues (vitreous humor, optic nerve and retina), can occur either alone or secondary to systemic syndrome [84]. The autoimmune causes are mainly due to inappropriate immune responses mediated by pathogenic T cells [85]. Pathogenic Th17 cells and their related inflammatory cytokines coordinately act as potent inducers of tissue inflammation [86,87].…”

Section: Autoimmune Uveitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances of exosomes in immune-mediated eye diseases

Zhao

Wei

et al. 2019

Stem Cell Res Ther

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Exosomes, nanosized extracellular vesicles of 30–150 nm, are shed by almost all cell types. Bearing proteins, lipids, RNAs, and DNAs, exosomes have emerged as vital biological mediators in cell-to-cell communication, affecting a plethora of physiological and pathological processes. Particularly, mounting evidence indicates that immunologically active exosomes can regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. Herein, we review recent advances in the research of exosomes in several immune-mediated eye diseases, including Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) dry eye, corneal allograft rejection, autoimmune uveitis, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Additionally, we discuss the potential of exosomes as novel biomarkers and drug delivery vesicles for the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases.

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Section: Autoimmune Uveitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances of exosomes in immune-mediated eye diseases

Zhao

Wei

et al. 2019

Stem Cell Res Ther

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“…Uveitis describes inflammation of the uvea, which contains the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. As intraocular inflammation can affect surrounding tissues, clinical uveitis may comprise inflammation of the retina, optic disc, and vitreous [ 10 ]. Uveitis may be the result of infectious (e.g., human herpes virus, tuberculosis, syphilis), non-infectious (mostly autoimmune or autoinflammatory), or masquerade (e.g., lymphoma) causes [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic active Epstein–Barr virus infection manifesting as coronary artery aneurysm and uveitis

Xiao

Luo

et al. 2020

Virol J

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Background Chronic active Epstein–Barr virus (CAEBV) infection is a type of lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by chronic or recurrent infectious mononucleosis (IM)-like symptoms, which can have less-frequent clinical presentations. The prognosis of CAEBV is poor, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been shown to be the only potentially effective treatment. In this article, we present a special CAEBV case of a patient who had no typical IM-like symptoms at the early stage, but manifested with severe and progressive coronary artery aneurysm (CAA), abdominal aortic lesions, and severe uveitis. These manifestations were uncommon features and could only be blocked by HSCT. Case presentation A 4-year-old girl with no special medical history complained of decreased vision for 10 months and cough after physical activities for three months. The blurred vision grew rapidly worse within one month, until only light perception remained. She was diagnosed with uveitis and cataract, and received prednisone and ciclosporin A treatment. However, her vision did not improve. Physical examination showed slight hepatosplenomegaly. Ultrasonic cardiogram showed bilateral CAA (5.0 mm and 5.7 mm for inner diameters), and abdominal CT scan revealed a thickened aortic wall, as well as stenosis and dilation of the segmental abdominal aorta. Other significant findings were increased EBV-DNA (3.29 × 104 copies/mL) from peripheral blood, positive EBV antibodies (EBV-CA-IgG, EBV-EA-IgA, and EBV-NA-IgG), and positive EBV-encoded small RNAs found by bone marrow biopsy. Based on her clinical manifestations and evidence for EBV infection, we diagnosed CAEBV. She received allogeneic HSCT, and the cataract operation was performed after HSCT. EBV-DNA could not be detected in peripheral blood after HSCT. Her CAAs did not progress, and uveitis was well controlled. Her vision recovered gradually over the 3 years after HSCT. Conclusions We present a rare CAEBV case of a patient who suffered from uncommon and severe cardiovascular and ocular involvement that was relieved by HSCT. Therefore, early recognition and diagnosis of CAEBV are of vital importance to improve its prognosis. In summary, this atypical CAEBV case could help us recognize similar cases more easily, make the right diagnosis as early as possible, and deliver proper and timely treatment.

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“…Uveitis is a diverse group of potentially sight-threatening intraocular inflammatory diseases with an infectious or autoimmune etiology [1]. It is an important cause of blind eye diseases and is accompanied by aggravating pain and discomfort, which seriously affect the patient's quality of life and have a severe socioeconomic impact [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper Peptide Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Ocular Inflammation in Rats

Guo

et al. 2019

Ophthalmic Res

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To demonstrate the anti-inflammatory action of a synthetic glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ 98-134) peptide (GILZ-p) in a model of endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats. Methods: The EIU model was induced in Sprague Dawley rats with an intravitreal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Synthetic GILZ-p was injected intravitreally 6 h after the LPS injection. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of GILZ-p, the inflammatory response in the anterior chamber and iris of the rat eyes was evaluated with a slitlamp microscope on days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 after GILZ-p injection. The retinal expression of inflammatory cytokines was measured on days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 after GILZ-p injection. Müller cell gliosis was also detected at planned time points after GILZ-p injection. Results: Anterior segment inflammation peaked at 24 h after LPS injection in the EIU model. Compared with the controls, intravitreal GILZ-p significantly suppressed LPS-induced anterior segment inflammation in the EIU rats. The levels of retinal inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 were simultaneously reduced by the intravitreal GILZ-p injection. The expression of vimentin in the EIU retina was significantly reduced by GILZ-p, and the downregulated aquaporin 4 in the EIU retina was significantly restored by GILZ-p. Conclusion: The synthetic GILZ-p inhibited the inflammatory reaction in the EIU model and may have utility in the treatment of inflammatory ocular disease.

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Uveitis: a sight-threatening disease which can impact all systems

Cited by 88 publications

References 38 publications

Recent advances of exosomes in immune-mediated eye diseases

Recent advances of exosomes in immune-mediated eye diseases

Chronic active Epstein–Barr virus infection manifesting as coronary artery aneurysm and uveitis

Synthetic Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper Peptide Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Ocular Inflammation in Rats

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