UV–vis Spectroscopic Properties of nC₆₀ Produced via Extended Mixing

Abstract

Colloidally stable C(60) suspensions produced via extended mixing in water (aq/nC(60)) are highly heterogeneous with respect to particle size and morphology. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectra of aq/nC(60) are often used as a supplemental tool to dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and other analytical methods to characterize aq/nC(60). In the present study, the UV-vis spectra provide information about the average particle size and the interactions between C(60) and water. We report that the decrease in relative absorption in the 240-290 nm range is a function of magnetic stirring time, that the average size (Z(ave)) of an aq/nC(60) suspension determines the position of absorbance maximum of its 360 nm band, and that the methods used to prepare and fractionate nC(60) affect the extent of the blue shift in this band that occurs due to a decrease in Z(ave). We also confirm that the broad absorption band in the 400-600 nm region is a result of C(60) aggregation.

Optimization of the solvent-exchange process for high-yield synthesis of aqueous fullerene dispersions

“…For toluene, the absorption spectra and the apparent molar absorptivity (ε 407 = 3.5 ± 0.2 M −1 cm −1 ) coincide with the existing data [17,21,22]. For the quantification, a wavelength of 407 nm was used.…”

“…Derivatization and solubilization have been disregarded in this field. The most relevant techniques of AFD preparation are solvent exchange [11,14,15], dialysis [16], and mixing [17][18][19]. However, the total yield of fullerene transfer into water of 100 % has not yet been achieved, which leads to significant losses and increases for the cost of the final product, especially for EMFs.…”

Applications and implications of manufactured nanoparticles in soils: a review

“…The extended contact between MNPs and the environment can alter particle–particle and particle–surface interactions and consequently change the stability and deposition of MNP suspensions on environmental surfaces. The continuous stirring of C 60 particles could promote the breakdown of C 60 aggregates to smaller particles and generate a suspension (Chang & Vikesland, 2011). However, the extended contact between MNPs and water could also result in chemical alteration of MNPs.…”

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin conjugated with C60 fullerene. Structural and in vitro studies

“…In water, the fullerene forms aggregates and, due to interactions in the solid phase and light scattering, its UV-Vis spectrum is stronger, red-shifted, and broader than the spectra recorded in solvents in which C 60 forms true solution [48]. The shape of the main long-wavelength absorption peak for Ful-DOX, red-shifted (with regard to DOX) to 506 nm, seems to be a superposition of doxorubicin and fullerene features.…”