Uv-Vis, Infrared, and Mass Spectroscopy of Electron Irradiated Frozen Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Mixtures With Water

Jones, Brant M.; Kaiser, Ralf I.; Strazzulla, G.

doi:10.1088/0004-637x/781/2/85

Cited by 41 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…Energetic processes then induce the formation of carbonic acid as demonstrated by several experiments (Boduch et al 2011;Gerakines et al 2000;Peeters et al 2010;Pilling et al 2010;Zheng & Kaiser 2007); this could be a first step in further chemical evolution particularly where additional icy species are present. Irradiated mixtures also present a "red" continuum in the UV that mimic some astronomical observations well, as recently demonstrated (Jones et al 2014).…”

Section: Implication For Molecular Formation and Erosion Of Solid Carsupporting

confidence: 75%

A laboratory study of ion-induced erosion of ice-covered carbon grains

Sabri

Baratta

Jäger

et al. 2015

A&A

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Context. It has been confirmed that solid carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is abundantly present along the line of sight to quiescent clouds and star-forming regions via space IR observations with ISO-SWS and Spitzer Space Telescope. Since CO 2 has low abundance in the gas-phase, the assumption is that it is synthesized on grains after energetic processing of icy mantles and surface reactions. Aims. The role of solid carbon is investigated as a reservoir for molecule formation and structural modifications of the material with and without an ice layer upon ion bombardment. Methods. A gas-phase condensation technique was used to prepare a layer of 13 C amorphous grains. These grains were covered with H 2 O and O 2 ice and finally bombarded with 200 keV protons. The formation of new molecular species was analyzed using IR spectroscopy. The formation cross sections of solid 13 CO and 13 CO 2 were determined from the increase in the column density as a function of the fluence. In addition, bare carbon grains were bombarded with a comparable fluence of protons to study the processing of the grains without ice layer. Imaging techniques such as transmission electron microscopy were used to monitor the changes in the structure. Results. CO and CO 2 were formed efficiently at the interface between ice and solid carbon grains at the expense of solid carbon, leading to strong grain erosion. Given the initial thickness of our C-samples (about 120 nm), this resulted in an erosion of about 50% after 200 keV proton bombardment with 6.76 × 10 16 ions/cm 2 . The column density of CO and CO 2 follows an exponential trend as a function of the irradiation fluence. The asymptotic values obtained when O 2 ice is deposited on top of the carbon grains are about one order of magnitude higher than the values obtained when H 2 O ice is deposited on the solid carbon layer. The carbon grains were strongly graphitized upon ion bombardment in a surface layer. Less graphitization accompanied by the formation of fullerene molecules and structures from cage fragments present in the original material were observed beneath the graphitic layer. Conclusions. The formation of CO and CO 2 at the expense of solid carbon strongly restricts the lifetime of the solid carbon material and may influence the formation of more complex molecules in astrophysical environments. Graphitization of carbonaceous grains upon ion bombardment affect the spectral properties of the carbon grains in particular in the far-IR range.

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Section: Implication For Molecular Formation and Erosion Of Solid Carsupporting

confidence: 75%

A laboratory study of ion-induced erosion of ice-covered carbon grains

Sabri

Baratta

Jäger

et al. 2015

A&A

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“…[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Briefly, a silver mirror substrate is mounted onto a rotatable cold finger made of oxygen-free high-conductivity copper (OFHC) cooled to 5.5 K AE 0.1 by a closed-cycle helium refrigerator (Sumitomo Heavy Industries, RDK-415E). [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Briefly, a silver mirror substrate is mounted onto a rotatable cold finger made of oxygen-free high-conductivity copper (OFHC) cooled to 5.5 K AE 0.1 by a closed-cycle helium refrigerator (Sumitomo Heavy Industries, RDK-415E).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A photoionization mass spectroscopic study on the formation of phosphanes in low temperature phosphine ices

Turner

Abplanalp

Chen

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Isovalency rationalizes fundamental chemical properties of elements in the same group, but often fails to account for differences in the molecular structure due to the distinct atomic sizes and electron-pair repulsion of the isovalent atoms. With respect to main group V, saturated hydrides of nitrogen are limited to ammonia (NH3) and hydrazine (N2H4) along with ionic and/or metal-bound triazene (N3H5) and potentially tetrazene (N4H6). Here, we present a novel approach for synthesizing and detecting phosphanes formed via non-classical synthesis exploiting irradiation of phosphine ices with energetic electrons, subliming the newly formed phosphanes via fractionated sublimation, and detecting these species via reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ReTOF) coupled with vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) single photon ionization. This approach is able to synthesize, to separate, and to detect phosphanes as large as octaphosphane (P8H10), which far out-performs the traditional analytical tools of infrared spectroscopy and residual gas analysis via mass spectrometry coupled with electron impact ionization that could barely detect triphosphane (P3H5) thus providing an unconventional tool to prepare complex inorganic compounds such as a homologues series of phosphanes, which are difficult to synthesize via classical synthetic methods.

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“…Keck Research Laboratory in Astrochemistry (Jones & Kaiser 2013;Jones et al 2014;Kaiser et al 2014b;Maity et al 2014b) exploiting a next generation surface scattering machine. A gaseous mixture of ammonia (NH 3 , 99.99% Matheson TriGas) and carbon monoxide (CO, 99.9% Matheson TriGas) with a ratio of 8 to 5 at 260 Torr was deposited onto a 5.5±0.1 K silver target using a glass capillary array.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Formation of Amide Polymers via Carbonyl–amino Group Linkages in Energetically Processed Ices of Astrophysical Relevance

Förstel

Maksyutenko

Jones

et al. 2016

ApJ

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We report on the formation of organic amide polymers via carbonyl-amino group linkages in carbon monoxide and ammonia bearing energetically processed ices of astrophysical relevance. The first group comprises molecules with one carboxyl group and an increasing number of amine moieties starting with formamide (45 u), urea (60 u), and hydrazine carboxamide (75 u). The second group consists of species with two carboxyl (58 u) and up to three amine groups (73 u, 88 u, and 103 u). The formation and polymerization of these linkages from simple inorganic molecules via formamide und urea toward amide polymers is discussed in an astrophysical and astrobiological context. Our results show that long chain molecules, which are closely related to polypeptides, easily form by energetically processing simple, inorganic ices at very low temperatures and can be released into the gas phase by sublimation of the ices in star-forming regions. Our experimental results were obtained by employing reflectron time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, coupled with soft, single photon vacuum ultraviolet photoionization; they are complemented by theoretical calculations.

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Uv-Vis, Infrared, and Mass Spectroscopy of Electron Irradiated Frozen Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Mixtures With Water

Cited by 41 publications

References 100 publications

A laboratory study of ion-induced erosion of ice-covered carbon grains

A laboratory study of ion-induced erosion of ice-covered carbon grains

A photoionization mass spectroscopic study on the formation of phosphanes in low temperature phosphine ices

On the Formation of Amide Polymers via Carbonyl–amino Group Linkages in Energetically Processed Ices of Astrophysical Relevance

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