UV-Pre-Treated and Protein-Adsorbed Titanium Implants Exhibit Enhanced Osteoconductivity

Abstract

Titanium materials are essential treatment modalities in the medical field and serve as a tissue engineering scaffold and coating material for medical devices. Thus, there is a significant demand to improve the bioactivity of titanium for therapeutic and experimental purposes. We showed that ultraviolet light (UV)-pre-treatment changed the protein-adsorption ability and subsequent osteoconductivity of titanium. Fibronectin (FN) adsorption on UV-treated titanium was 20% and 30% greater after 1-min and 1-h incubation, respectively, than that of control titanium. After 3-h incubation, FN adsorption on UV-treated titanium remained 30% higher than that on the control. Osteoblasts were cultured on titanium disks after 1-h FN adsorption with or without UV-pre-treatment and on titanium disks without FN adsorption. The number of attached osteoblasts during the early stage of culture was 80% greater on UV-treated and FN-adsorbed (UV/FN) titanium than on FN-adsorbed (FN) titanium; osteoblasts attachment on UV/FN titanium was 2.6- and 2.1-fold greater than that on control- and UV-treated titanium, respectively. The alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts on UV/FN titanium was increased 1.8-, 1.8-, and 2.4-fold compared with that on FN-adsorbed, UV-treated, and control titanium, respectively. The UV/FN implants exhibited 25% and 150% greater in vivo biomechanical strength of bone integration than the FN- and control implants, respectively. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) adsorption on UV-treated titanium was 4.5-fold greater than that on control titanium after 1-min incubation, resulting in a 4-fold increase in osteoblast attachment. Thus, UV-pre-treatment of titanium accelerated its protein adsorptivity and osteoconductivity, providing a novel strategy for enhancing its bioactivity.

Surface Activation of Titanium Dental Implants by Using UVC-LED Irradiation

“…Therefore, UVC light is likely an efficient method of photofunctionalization [ 12 , 15 , 20 , 24 , 36 ]. Moreover, neither UVA nor UVC light irradiation cause topographic or morphologic changes on Ti implant surfaces [ 10 , 39 ].…”

“…Previous in vitro and in vivo studies employed custom-photofunctionalized disks and cylinders [ 10 , 11 , 15 , 40 ]. Notwithstanding, little research has been conducted to determine the effects of UVC photofunctionalization on commercially available Ti dental implants, specifically, to clarify the chemical modifications of Ti implants and the possible influences on the osseointegration process.…”

“…In order to minimize this, new bioactive surface treatments for Ti-based implants are currently being developed, which foster bone–implant interactions and reduce bacterial attachment, providing high long-term success rates [ 7 , 8 ]. Thereby, microscopic modifications in topography and chemistry in titanium implants have been implemented to produce osteoconductive and antimicrobial implants [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Effects of Surface Modification on Adsorption Behavior of Cell and Protein on Titanium Surface by Using Quartz Crystal Microbalance System

“…In this study, it was observed that the morphology of the adsorbed RBM cells on the Ti surfaces. Many studies [ 58 , 59 ] have confirmed the adsorption behavior of proteins and cells using QCM measurements, but there are few studies that confirm whether cells are adsorbed after confirming the adsorption behavior. Surface treated Ti showed significantly higher F-actin expression and more filamentous and foliate pseudopodia than untreated surfaces, where the plasma-treated Ti showed the highest concentrations.…”

Prolonged Post-Polymerization Biocompatibility of Polymethylmethacrylate-Tri-n-Butylborane (PMMA-TBB) Bone Cement

“…Osteoblasts were obtained from femurs of 10-week-old male Sprague Dawley following the method described elsewhere [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Cells were seeded onto either BPO material or TBB materials placed in 12-well culture dishes at a density of 6 × 10 4 cells/cm 2 .…”