Utilizing microorganisms immobilized on carbon-based materials for environmental remediation: a mini review

Abstract

Carbon-based materials have attracted significant interest due to their porous structure and high specific surface area. The stability of carbon provides an optimal environment for microbial growth and activity. This paper presents a comprehensive review of microorganisms immobilized on carbon-based materials. Techniques used to immobilize microorganisms on various carbon-based materials are discussed initially. Subsequently, the review introduces the application of these immobilized microorganisms in the restoration of soil and water environments, including the treatment of organic pollutants, heavy metals, and ammonia nitrogen. Overall, this work enhances our understanding of the microbial pathways facilitated by carbon-based materials.