Utilizing CO2 to suppress the generation of harmful chemicals from thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride

Lee, Taewoo; Lee, Jechan; Ok, Yong Sik; Oh, Jeong Ik; Lee, Sang Ryong; Rinklebe, Jörg; Kwon, Eilhann E.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.181

“…Pyrolysis in aCO 2 rich atmosphere, for example,reduced the tar formation in PVC pyrolysis and reduced the acidity of pyrolytic oil for PET. [220,221] It was reported by Akah et al that H 2 also helps deal with any heteroatoms (e.g. Br and Cl) in the waste plastic, [222] although handling of the generated acids may represent ac hallenge (e.g.…”

Section: Hydrocracking and Other Reactive Gassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Mechanical Recycling: Giving New Life to Plastic Waste

Vollmer

¹

,

Jenks

²

,

Roelands

³

et al. 2020

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Increasing the stream of recycled plastic necessitates an approach beyond the traditional recycling via melting and re‐extrusion. Various chemical recycling processes have great potential to enhance recycling rates. In this Review, a summary of the various chemical recycling routes and assessment via life‐cycle analysis is complemented by an extensive list of processes developed by companies active in chemical recycling. We show that each of the currently available processes is applicable for specific plastic waste streams. Thus, only a combination of different technologies can address the plastic waste problem. Research should focus on more realistic, more contaminated and mixed waste streams, while collection and sorting infrastructure will need to be improved, that is, by stricter regulation. This Review aims to inspire both science and innovation for the production of higher value and quality products from plastic recycling suitable for reuse or valorization to create the necessary economic and environmental push for a circular economy.

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“…surface area, morphology and porosity) on the produced char (Lee et al 2017a, b, c, d, e). Lee et al (2017d) used a tubular reactor to study the influence of atmospheric CO 2 on the textural properties of the as-formed char. The outlined results confirmed that CO 2 promotes the formation of new pores on the produced char.…”

Section: Surface Area and Porositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in carbon capture storage and utilisation technologies: a review

Osman

¹

,

Hefny

²

,

Maksoud

³

et al. 2020

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Human activities have led to a massive increase in $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 emissions as a primary greenhouse gas that is contributing to climate change with higher than $$1\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 1 ∘ C global warming than that of the pre-industrial level. We evaluate the three major technologies that are utilised for carbon capture: pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxyfuel combustion. We review the advances in carbon capture, storage and utilisation. We compare carbon uptake technologies with techniques of carbon dioxide separation. Monoethanolamine is the most common carbon sorbent; yet it requires a high regeneration energy of 3.5 GJ per tonne of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 . Alternatively, recent advances in sorbent technology reveal novel solvents such as a modulated amine blend with lower regeneration energy of 2.17 GJ per tonne of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 . Graphene-type materials show $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 adsorption capacity of 0.07 mol/g, which is 10 times higher than that of specific types of activated carbon, zeolites and metal–organic frameworks. $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 geosequestration provides an efficient and long-term strategy for storing the captured $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 in geological formations with a global storage capacity factor at a Gt-scale within operational timescales. Regarding the utilisation route, currently, the gross global utilisation of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 is lower than 200 million tonnes per year, which is roughly negligible compared with the extent of global anthropogenic $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 emissions, which is higher than 32,000 million tonnes per year. Herein, we review different $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 utilisation methods such as direct routes, i.e. beverage carbonation, food packaging and oil recovery, chemical industries and fuels. Moreover, we investigated additional $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 utilisation for base-load power generation, seasonal energy storage, and district cooling and cryogenic direct air $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 capture using geothermal energy. Through bibliometric mapping, we identified the research gap in the literature within this field which requires future investigations, for instance, designing new and stable ionic liquids, pore size and selectivity of metal–organic frameworks and enhancing the adsorption capacity of novel solvents. Moreover, areas such as techno-economic evaluation of novel solvents, process design and dynamic simulation require further effort as well as research and development before pilot- and commercial-scale trials.

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“…The B‐2.0%CE‐60 had high residue, compared with the control with 60 phr CSF, indicating that B‐2.0%CE‐60 had a better thermal stability than the control with 60 phr CSF. In the literature, it was reported that the mass decay (∼33 wt % of PVC) from 320 to 530 °C, which is likely due to the thermal degradation of organic fraction in PVC . In the literature, Liu et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The enhancement performances of cotton stalk fiber/PVC composites by sequential two steps modification

Li

¹

,

Wang

²

,

Wang

³

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In the present study, the cotton stalk fiber (CSF) was modified by sequential two steps of alkali and copper ethanolamine (CE) solution treatment. The unmodified and modified CSF/poly(vinyl chloride) (CSF/PVC) composites were prepared. The mechanical and physical performances of the various CSF/PVC composites were studied comparatively. By the modification of CE solution, all the tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength, water resistance, and heat distortion temperature of samples were enhanced continuously. The sample with comprehensive properties was obtained using 2% concentration of CE. The composites were also prepared with different CSF content. By increasing the CSF loading, all the tensile strength, elongation at breakage, tensile modulus, and heat distortion temperature of samples were enhanced. The existence of copper on the surface of CSF improved the thermal stability of the CSF/PVC composites. Water retention value, oil retention value, and scanning electron microscope were applied to reveal the components and microscopic change of the composites. The possible reaction mechanism of modification was proposed based on the experimental results and according to the previous literature. This method reported here may provide a new way for the fabrication of CSF/PVC composite in engineering applications.

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Utilizing CO2 to suppress the generation of harmful chemicals from thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Beyond Mechanical Recycling: Giving New Life to Plastic Waste

Beyond Mechanical Recycling: Giving New Life to Plastic Waste

Recent advances in carbon capture storage and utilisation technologies: a review

The enhancement performances of cotton stalk fiber/PVC composites by sequential two steps modification

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