Utilizing a mobile platform to obtain quantitative measurements of exophthalmos

Magazin, Maja; Tran, Ann Q; Tooley, Andrea A.

doi:10.1080/01676830.2021.1980894

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Among those 43 286 participants that had type 2 diabetes that were excluded from the cohort (primarily due to survey nonresponse), a similar proportion (n = 26 664 [61.6%]) were those without any compli-cations. These proportions may be approximately the level expected based on prior North American studies on the prevalence of complications among patients with type 2 diabetes, including a prevalence of chronic kidney disease ranging from 27.8% to 40.9%, 5,6 stroke ranging from 6.6% to 10.9%, 5,7 and coronary heart disease ranging from 9.1% to 20.1%. 5,7 Although the study population appears to be well representative of patients with type 2 diabetes in the US, nevertheless, any study based on survey data may have the potential for bias.…”

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confidence: 53%

“…These proportions may be approximately the level expected based on prior North American studies on the prevalence of complications among patients with type 2 diabetes, including a prevalence of chronic kidney disease ranging from 27.8% to 40.9%, 5,6 stroke ranging from 6.6% to 10.9%, 5,7 and coronary heart disease ranging from 9.1% to 20.1%. 5,7 Although the study population appears to be well representative of patients with type 2 diabetes in the US, nevertheless, any study based on survey data may have the potential for bias. We thank Yang and colleagues for their very stimulating discussion of this article.…”

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confidence: 53%

“…Lastly, we direct readers to a potentially simpler method of smartphone exophthalmometry published before the Popov et al article. Magazin et al used a smartphone photograph of the eye in profile with a reference object in the plane of the corneal apex to calculate the measurement of exophthalmos.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Smartphone Exophthalmometry and Eyeball Protrusion Measurement

Jessup,

Wilcsek,

Coroneo

2024

JAMA Ophthalmol

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confidence: 53%

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confidence: 53%

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Smartphone Exophthalmometry and Eyeball Protrusion Measurement

Jessup,

Wilcsek,

Coroneo

2024

JAMA Ophthalmol

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“…Both 3-D face scanners have the advantage that the measurements are contactless. For the same reasons, Magazin et al 14 took an even simpler approach by taking sagittal smartphone photographs of the face including a reference for the absolute distances to emulate the Hertel exophthalmometer. Smartphone measurements could even be taken by the patients themselves and may be useful for telemedicine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Smartphone Exophthalmometry to Measure Eyeball Protrusion

Popov,

Fierz,

Bockisch

et al. 2023

JAMA Ophthalmol

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ImportanceThe current clinical criterion standard for measuring abnormal eyeball protrusion is still the historic Hertel exophthalmometer, which is prone to reading errors. Therefore, a smartphone application has been developed to measure exophthalmos.ObjectiveTo evaluate a relatively simple noninvasive measurement method for exophthalmos using a smartphone.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study compared smartphone exophthalmometry with the existing reference standard, the Hertel exophthalmometer, or a professional high-resolution 3-dimensional scanner. Participants were patients with exophthalmos due to Graves orbitopathy and other intraorbital conditions and healthy volunteers who were recruited between June 2019 and January 2022 from the Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich.InterventionsAll participants were examined twice by 3 different operators using 3 different methods (smartphone, high-resolution scanner, or Hertel exophthalmometer) at an interval of a minimum of 2 weeks or after exophthalmos-changing treatment.Main Outcome MeasuresAccuracy and precision, test-retest reliability, and interoperator reliability of eyeball protrusion measurements obtained with the smartphone compared to the Hertel exophthalmometer and the high-resolution face scanner.ResultsOf 39 participants, 23 patients (median [IQR] age, 54 [44-59] years; 15 [65%] female and 8 [35%] male) showed a mean difference in eyeball protrusion of 3.3 mm and 16 healthy volunteers (median [IQR] age, 32 [30-37] years; 11 [69%] female and 5 [31%] male) of 0.8 mm without any significant difference between the 3 methods. Accuracy and precision agreement between exophthalmos measures with the smartphone and the Hertel exophthalmometer showed an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.80-0.94) and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.83-0.97) for the high-resolution scanner. Interoperator agreement was highest for the high-resolution scanner (ICC, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.98-0.99]), followed by the smartphone (ICC, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.92-0.97]) and the Hertel exophthalmometer (ICC, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.85-0.95]). Test retest reliability was similarly high for the smartphone (ICC, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.82-0.95]), the Hertel exophthalmometer (ICC, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.83-0.96]), and the high-resolution scanner (ICC, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.89-0.97]).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study demonstrate relatively high accuracy and precision, interoperator reliability, and test-retest reliability for smartphone exophthalmometry. These data support the use of a smartphone in place of a Hertel exophthalmometer for measuring exophthalmos in the future.

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“…We were also aware of the publication by Magazin et al and have cited it in the Discussion. For their exophthalmos measurements, the authors used regular smartphone photographs of the patient’s profile rather than 3-D scans.…”

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confidence: 99%

Smartphone Exophthalmometry and Eyeball Protrusion Measurement—In Reply

Popov,

Fierz,

Weber

2024

JAMA Ophthalmol

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Utilizing a mobile platform to obtain quantitative measurements of exophthalmos

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Smartphone Exophthalmometry and Eyeball Protrusion Measurement

Smartphone Exophthalmometry and Eyeball Protrusion Measurement

Using Smartphone Exophthalmometry to Measure Eyeball Protrusion

Smartphone Exophthalmometry and Eyeball Protrusion Measurement—In Reply

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