Utilization of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as Fish Feed Ingredient

Abstract

A freshwater plant, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is commonly found in public waters in Indonesia. Water hyacinth often experiences blooming which causes negative impacts such as lowering oxygen levels, reducing the number of fish, increasing evapotranspiration, disrupting transportation, becoming habitat for disease vectors, and others. However, water hyacinth can be used as an alternative raw material because it still contains nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Water hyacinth also has potential as an antibacterial agent because it contains secondary metabolites (alkaloids, saponins, steroid compounds, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, glycosides, and cardiac glycosides). The utilization of water hyacinth as fish feed ingredient has been shown to give positive effect on the growth of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), goldfish (Cyprinus carpio), and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) seeds. The use of water hyacinth as an alternative fish feed ingredient can be a solution to reduce production costs and reduce the impact of water hyacinth blooms.

Substitution of Water Hyacinth Flour (Eichhornia crassipes) in Feed on The Growth Performance of Bileh Fish (Rasbora sp.)

“…The absolute growth of catfish fed with the addition of water hyacinth flour was 2.78 g, better than the control 2.46 g [13]. Adding water hyacinth flour to tilapia feed resulted in weight growth that was not statistically significantly different from the control, so that it could be used as an alternative raw material [14]. However, research on the growth performance of Bileh fish (Rasbora sp.…”

Strategies for the Management of Aggressive Invasive Plant Species

“…Some IAPs are also a source of bioactive compounds with beneficial antioxidant, antimicrobial, nutraceutical, pharmacological, cosmetic, or therapeutical-related applications (e.g., [16,). Invasive waste can also be used to produce bioenergy, namely bioethanol, biogas, or wood fuel (e.g., [133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148]), biochar or charcoal for different purposes (e.g., [149][150][151][152][153]), or animal feed (e.g., [154][155][156][157]. Some authors also suggest the use of IAPs for effluent treatments (e.g., [158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165]), paper and packaging materials (e.g., [166][167][168][169][170]), building materials [171], natural fiber composites [172], and bio-adsorbents for textile dyes or others [173][174][175][176]<...…”

Effect of Fish Meal Substitution Using Maggot Flour (Hermetia illucens) on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization Efficiency, Protein Retention and Body Composition of the Milkfish (Chanos chanos)

“…The quality of feed given to milkfish cultivation can affect aquaculture production's growth rate and success. Fish meal plays a vital role as the primary source of protein in artificial feeds (Pratiwi & Andhikawati, 2021). The easily digested protein content aligned with the good amino acid content qualify fish meal to be the main ingredient in the manufacture of feed (Mamauag et al, 2021).…”