“…At the point of ultimate load, the control specimens underwent brittle failure, breaking into two distinct pieces. In contrast, the PCB fibre-reinforced concrete specimens did not exhibit brittle failure and remained intact without separating into two halves 42 , 43 . Figure 4 Tensile strength of PCB and SFPCB fibre-reinforced concrete mixes.…”
This research goal is to appraise the effect of electronic waste on concrete properties by examining the mechanical properties of concrete reinforced with waste printed circuit boards (PCBs). PCB fibres, each 50 mm long, were mixed in varying proportions (1–5% by weight of cement). Silica fume (SF) was used as a 12% weight replacement for cement to conserve the properties of PCB fibre-reinforced concrete while tumbling cement consumption. Following a 28-day curing period, the fresh and hardened characteristics of PCB fibre-reinforced concrete were juxtaposed with those of conventional concrete. The experimental results led to the conclusion that 5% by weight of cement is the most effective proportion of PCB fibres to include in both PCB fibre-reinforced concrete and silica fume-modified PCB fibre-reinforced concrete. The addition of PCB fibres and silica fume significantly increased the mechanical strength of the concrete, making it suitable for high-strength concrete applications. Based on a similar investigational research design, an artificial neural network model was created, and it played a critical role in predicting the mechanical properties of the concrete. The model produced accurate results, with an R-squared (R2) value greater than 0.99.
“…At the point of ultimate load, the control specimens underwent brittle failure, breaking into two distinct pieces. In contrast, the PCB fibre-reinforced concrete specimens did not exhibit brittle failure and remained intact without separating into two halves 42 , 43 . Figure 4 Tensile strength of PCB and SFPCB fibre-reinforced concrete mixes.…”
This research goal is to appraise the effect of electronic waste on concrete properties by examining the mechanical properties of concrete reinforced with waste printed circuit boards (PCBs). PCB fibres, each 50 mm long, were mixed in varying proportions (1–5% by weight of cement). Silica fume (SF) was used as a 12% weight replacement for cement to conserve the properties of PCB fibre-reinforced concrete while tumbling cement consumption. Following a 28-day curing period, the fresh and hardened characteristics of PCB fibre-reinforced concrete were juxtaposed with those of conventional concrete. The experimental results led to the conclusion that 5% by weight of cement is the most effective proportion of PCB fibres to include in both PCB fibre-reinforced concrete and silica fume-modified PCB fibre-reinforced concrete. The addition of PCB fibres and silica fume significantly increased the mechanical strength of the concrete, making it suitable for high-strength concrete applications. Based on a similar investigational research design, an artificial neural network model was created, and it played a critical role in predicting the mechanical properties of the concrete. The model produced accurate results, with an R-squared (R2) value greater than 0.99.
“…The rod-like and rod-like aggregates particles were glass fibers added to PCBs for strength increase. 16,61 Because of the brittleness of WPCBs substrate materials, resin particles presented sharp-edge characteristics, which were different from the slightly curly features of copper with good toughness. The irregular particles adhered to particulates demonstrated natural particles.…”
The heavy metals in workshop and outside workshop dust of different processing zones resulting from WPCBs recycling showed different. The crushing zone represented significantly higher enrichment and exposure risk of heavy metals.
“…Although legislation at the European level has promoted the recycling of waste from electrical and electronic equipment since 2003 [24], there has been limited research to date on the feasibility of incorporating them into cementitious composites. This is mainly due to the significant reduction in physical-mechanical strength caused by these wastes when used as aggregate, which restricts their use to a maximum of 10% as a sand substitute [25][26][27][28]. Some research [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] demonstrated that the replacement of sand with recycled printed circuit board (PCB) waste reduced the compressive strength of the cementitious composite by 38.7% to 95.99% (depending on the substituted NA quantity).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is mainly due to the significant reduction in physical-mechanical strength caused by these wastes when used as aggregate, which restricts their use to a maximum of 10% as a sand substitute [25][26][27][28]. Some research [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] demonstrated that the replacement of sand with recycled printed circuit board (PCB) waste reduced the compressive strength of the cementitious composite by 38.7% to 95.99% (depending on the substituted NA quantity).…”
The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles (NTs) on the physical and mechanical properties, as well as the microstructural changes, of cementitious composites containing partially substituted natural aggregates (NAs) with aggregates derived from the following four recycled materials: glass (RGA), brick (RGB), blast-furnace slag (GBA), and recycled textolite waste with WEEE (waste from electrical and electronic equipment) as the primary source (RTA), in line with sustainable construction practices. The research methodology included the following phases: selection and characterization of raw materials, formulation design, experimental preparation and testing of specimens using standardized methods specific to cementitious composite mortars (including determination of apparent density in the hardened state, mechanical strength in compression, flexure, and abrasion, and water absorption by capillarity), and structural analysis using specialized techniques (scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS)). The analysis and interpretation of the results focused primarily on identifying the effects of NT addition on the composites. Results show a decrease in density resulting from replacing NAs with recycled aggregates, particularly in the case of RGB and RTA. Conversely, the introduction of TiO2 nanoparticles resulted in a slight increase in density, ranging from 0.2% for RTA to 7.4% for samples containing NAs. Additionally, the introduction of TiO2 contributes to improved compressive strength, especially in samples containing RTA, while flexural strength benefits from a 3–4% TiO2 addition in all composites. The compressive strength ranged from 35.19 to 70.13 N/mm2, while the flexural strength ranged from 8.4 to 10.47 N/mm2. The abrasion loss varied between 2.4% and 5.71%, and the water absorption coefficient varied between 0.03 and 0.37 kg/m2m0.5, the variations being influenced by both the nature of the aggregates and the amount of NTs added. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed that TiO2 nanoparticles are uniformly distributed in the cementitious composites, mainly forming CSH gel. TiO2 nanoparticles act as nucleating agents during early hydration, as confirmed by EDS spectra after curing.
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