Utilization of waste biomass of Poa pratensis for green synthesis of n-doped carbon dots and its application in detection of Mn2+ and Fe3+

Heavy metal ion detection using green precursor derived carbon dots

“…Although the synthesis of CDs from renewable bio-sources has its own challenges, it has been a desirable approach ( De and Karak, 2013 ), because of several advantages, like sustainability, low cost, added value to waste, pollution-free materials, and green preparation methods ( Liu et al., 2019c ; Liu et al., 2019b ; Singh et al., 2019 ; Yu et al., 2019 ; Ahmadi et al., 2020 ; Boruah et al., 2020 ; Wang et al., 2020a ; Liu et al., 2020a ; Lu et al., 2020 ; Das et al., 2021 ; Ding et al., 2021 ; Lou et al., 2021 ). Moreover, biomass-derived nanomaterials exhibit excellent water solubility, nontoxicity, and good biocompatibility ( Wang et al., 2020b ; Luo et al., 2021 ; Krishnaiah et al., 2022 ).…”

A Review on Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Application in Optical Sensor for Environmental Monitoring

“…In this section, we focused on the parts of plant-derived CDs, namely leaves (such as Ocimum sanctum leaves, bamboo leaves, gingko leaves, Gynostemma leaves, betel leaves, Calotropis procera leaves, Elettaria cardamomum leaves, Cornus walteri leaves, tea leaves, Kentucky bluegrass), seeds (such as Acacia concinna seeds, fennel seeds, Pearl millet seeds), and stem (lotus root), as presented in Table 4 [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 ]. Most of them have excellent healing properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidote properties.…”

“…Due to the concerns about improving and protecting living organisms, more optical detection methods that utilize CDs as a sensing element have been developed to detect Fe 2+/3+ [ 13 , 22 , 38 , 40 , 72 , 78 , 87 , 124 , 135 , 142 , 151 , 159 , 166 , 169 , 219 , 226 ], Cu 2+ [ 53 , 66 , 97 , 141 , 227 , 239 ], Pb 2+ [ 65 , 87 , 181 , 240 ], Cr 6+/4+ [ 23 , 85 , 193 , 241 ], and Co 2+ [ 51 ]. For instance, Shamsipur et al (2018) prepared green-emitting CDs instead of common blue-emitting CDs for selective and sensitive detection of Fe 3+ [ 159 ].…”

Green synthesis of carbon dots using expired agar for a label-free fluorescence signal-amplified detection of ferric ion utilizing oxalate functionalization

“…This result implies that the ag-oxCDs are carbon-abundant and oxygen-charged nanosized dots identical to other CDs prepared using other source precursors. 2,9,10,40,47 Furthermore, the highresolution C1s signal was deconvoluted into three distinct atomic binding states centered at 284.8, 285.9, 286.9, and 287.8 eV (Fig. 1b), which correspond to sp 2 C (CQC), sp 3 C (C-C, C-O) and oxidized C (CQO) species, respectively.…”

“…This is the first time a facile, low-temperature hydrothermal route obtaining highly fluorescent oxalate passivated ag-oxCDs with excellent water solubility and biocompatibility. Herein, the synthesis method have the following distinguishing characteristics: a simple and direct synthetic route using environmentally friendly ''green'' sources with large-scale potential; one-pot functionalization in a one-step procedure without post-synthesis treatment; a lowtemperature hydrothermal treatment at 160 1C (higher temperatures of 180-240 1C are often reported [8][9][10] ); and a comparatively higher FL quantum yield (QY), suitable for practical applications. Furthermore, the prepared ag-oxCDs were adequately characterized and deployed as an FL nanosensor for metal ion detection.…”