Utilization of the gas test method and horse faeces as a source of inoculum

Machebœuf, Didier; Jestin, Michel; Martin‐Rosset, W.

doi:10.1017/s0263967x00032547

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Machboeuf et al . () also observed that cecal fluid and feces from horses produced similar potential gas volumes from 54 forages. For pigs, Bauer et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

In vitro fermentation of feed ingredients by fresh or frozen pig fecal inocula

Pastorelli

Faustini

Attard

2014

Animal Science Journal

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In vitro techniques can offer a rapid, repeatable and cost-effective alternative to in vivo experiments. We investigated the gas production (GP) of nine different feeds commonly used in Italian and Maltese pig farms in order to assess the use of the Ankom system in this species and to compare the in vitro microbial activity fresh or frozen inocula derived from piglet feces. Proximate and polyphenolic analyses were determined for all substrates. Fermentation profiles were measured according to the cumulative GP technique. Analysis of GP values revealed significant differences in the fermentation patterns mainly due to substrate and inoculum effects. Fermentation parameters varied significantly according to the substrate ingredients. The frozen inoculum generally led to more total GP than for fresh, with the exception of hard wheat bran pellets (HWBP), pelleted pulp and mature carob. Conversely the fresh fecal inoculum had an earlier maximum time to reach maximum GP than the frozen, showing a higher maximum rate of GP in all substrates excepting for HWBP. A significant difference in frozen and fresh inocula was found for the complete formulation. Further studies are required to confirm the variation between fresh and frozen fecal inocula to a wider range of feed, including those that could have negative biological effects.

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“…Machboeuf et al . () also observed that cecal fluid and feces from horses produced similar potential gas volumes from 54 forages. For pigs, Bauer et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

In vitro fermentation of feed ingredients by fresh or frozen pig fecal inocula

Pastorelli

Faustini

Attard

2014

Animal Science Journal

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“…The chemical composition was determined on the obtained samples according to the protocol suggested by AOAC [ 26 ]. In particular, the ingredients of the diets were ground through a 1 mm grid with a mill (Brabender Wiley mill, Braebender OHG, Duisburg, Germany) and mixed in the same proportion present in the diets.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the last day of the in vivo tests, a feces sample was taken from each animal, kept in anaerobic conditions at a temperature of 39 °C, immediately transported to the Food analysis laboratory of the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, and used for the preparation of the inoculum for the in vitro test, using the GPT [ 29 , 30 ]. To this end, according to Macheboeuf et al [ 31 ], 50 g of feces was mixed with 100 mL of anaerobic buffer at 39 °C, filtered through four layers of gauze, and diluted 1:1 with the buffer, finally obtaining an inoculum for each of the four horses used for each diet. For each diet, about 1.0 g of sample was placed in a 120 mL serum bottle which, after adding 75 mL of medium and 4 mL of reducing agent, was hermetically sealed with a butyl rubber stopper and aluminum, and placed in a thermostat at 39 °C until the internal temperature was balanced.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to make a contribution to this topic, this trial has been performed to study the correlations between the in vivo digestibility and in vitro degradability of five diets with different forage/concentrate ratios (F:C) in horses. The in vitro degradability was determined with GPT, using as an inoculum source the feces of the same subjects used for the in vivo test [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forage:Concentrate Ratio Effects on In Vivo Digestibility and In Vitro Degradability of Horse’s Diet

Zicarelli

Tudisco

Lotito

et al. 2023

Animals

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Determination of digestibility represents the first step for the evaluation of the net energy content of feed for livestock animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo digestibility and in vitro degradability of five diets characterized by different forage/concentrate ratios (F:C) in horses. The in vitro degradability was determined by the Gas Production Technique (GPT), using as an inoculum source the feces of the same subjects used for the in vivo test. Five diets consisting of poliphyte hay, straw and grains of barley and oats with a different F:C ratio [90/10 (Diet 1); 78/22 (Diet 2); 68/32 (Diet 3); 60/40 (Diet 4); 50/50 (Diet 5) were formulated and administered in succession, starting with Diet 1. In the in vivo results, no significant differences emerged, despite the different F:C content. In in vitro fermentation, four diets out of the five (2, 3, 4, 5) presented a similar trend of the curve of gas production, showing good activity of the fecal micro population during the first hours of incubation. An important correlation between gas and Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) were found, suggesting that the processes linked to the micro population deriving from the horse’s caecum follow metabolic pathways whose products can be modeled in the same way as for the rumen. The GPT could represent the correct method for studying the nutritional characteristics of feed for horses, using feces as the source of inoculum, even if further investigations must be performed to improve the technique.

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“…The in vivo standard and the inert marker methods are optimal for the determination and assessment of the digestibility of horse feeds, but they are time consuming. The use of in vitro fermentation procedures, such as enzyme-based essays, for the prediction of pre-caecal starch digestibility [106], and the gas production technique, developed for ruminants [15] using either caecal fluid [107] or faeces as inocula [108] to study diet digestion and fermentative end products has become increasingly more popular in equine nutrition. Abdouli and Attia [109] developed a simple in vitro method that is suitable for both concentrates and forages and that combines both the pre-caecal and hind gut digestion processes.…”

Section: Horsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Techniques Using the DaisyII Incubator for the Assessment of Digestibility: A Review

Tassone

Fortina

Peiretti

2020

Animals

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This review summarises the use of the Ankom DaisyII incubator (ADII; Ankom Technology Corporation Fairport, NY, USA), as presented in studies on digestibility, and its extension to other species apart from ruminants, from its introduction until today. This technique has been modified and adapted to allow for different types of investigations to be conducted. Researchers have studied and tested different procedures, and the main sources of variation have been found to be: the inoculum source, sample size, sample preparation, and bag type. In vitro digestibility methods, applied to the ADII incubator, have been reviewed, the precision and accuracy of the method using the ADII incubator have been dealt with, and comparisons with other methods have been made. Moreover, some hypotheses on the possible evolutions of this technology in non-ruminants, including pets, have been described. To date, there are no standardised protocols for the collection, storage, and transportation of rumen fluid or faeces. There is also still a need to standardise the procedures for washing the bags after digestion. Moreover, some performance metrics of the instrument (such as the reliability of the rotation mechanism of the jars) still require improvement.

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Utilization of the gas test method and horse faeces as a source of inoculum

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

In vitro fermentation of feed ingredients by fresh or frozen pig fecal inocula

In vitro fermentation of feed ingredients by fresh or frozen pig fecal inocula

Forage:Concentrate Ratio Effects on In Vivo Digestibility and In Vitro Degradability of Horse’s Diet

In Vitro Techniques Using the DaisyII Incubator for the Assessment of Digestibility: A Review

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