Utilization of sunflower acid oil for synthesis of alkyd resin

Chiplunkar, Pranali P.; Pratap, Amit P.

doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2016.01.002

Cited by 79 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The spectra were recorded ranging from 4000 to 500 cm À1 at a resolution of 4 cm À1 and averaged over 16 scans per sample. 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectra were recorded at room temperature via Bruker 400 MHz and 100 MHz spectrometers, respectively, and CDCl 3 was used as a solvent. Thermal stability was assessed with a TGA-60AH thermogravimetric analyser (Shimadzu, Japan) from 25 C to 800 C at a constant heating rate of 10 C min À1 under nitrogen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The acid value (17.4-20.3 mg KOH per g), saponication values (74.1-76.7 mg KOH per g) and low volatile matter (7.94-8.44 Pa s) of alkyd resins support its non-polluting paint and coating applications. 1 The acid values of the resins varied in the range 17-21 mg KOH per g. The relatively steady acid values with increasing IBOA enable good water resistance. The viscosity of alkyd resin depends on hydrogen bonding, geometrical conguration and close packing.…”

Section: Physico-chemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As one of the most abundant bioresources, vegetable oil-based polymers have been intensively synthesized due to their low cost, environmental friendliness, availability, renewability and possible biodegradability. [1][2][3] Drying oils have received more attention compared to other renewable vegetable oils because they can crosslink to a tough, solid lm aer exposure to air, even at room temperature, through autoxidation without evaporation of water or other solvents. 4,5 Tung oil (TO) is one of the most abundant drying oils whose major component is a glyceride composed of a-eleostearic acid or (9Z,11E,13E)-octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They usually have several advantages, including biodegradability, durability, exibility, good adhesion, and ease of application. 1,11,12 However, there are still some drawbacks in traditional alkyd resins, such as bad water resistance, low hardness, and fair thermal stability. 11,[13][14][15] Dibasic acids and acid anhydrides with rigid structures like that of a benzene ring or a fused ring were incorporated into alkyd resins to improve tensile strength, hardness, thermal stability and water resistance, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Synthesis and characteristics of tung oil-based acrylated-alkyd resin modified by isobornyl acrylate

Chen

Guo

et al. 2017

RSC Adv.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physico-chemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Synthesis and characteristics of tung oil-based acrylated-alkyd resin modified by isobornyl acrylate

Chen

Guo

et al. 2017

RSC Adv.

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“…Bayram et al [19] studied a soybean acid oil with 59.3 wt.% of FFA, 28.0 wt.% of triglycerides, 4.4 wt.% of diglycerides, and less than 1% of monoglycerides. Su and Wei [21] reported a soapstock oil containing around 41 wt.% of FFA, whereas Chiplunkar and Pratap [22] studied an acid oil from soapstock of sunflower oil refining with 65% of FFA. The low value obtained in the present work resulted possibly from sampling in a different season of the year (where differences are frequently found in the acid value of the raw oil that is going to be refined) or due to variations in the process used to produce the acid oil from soapstock (by-product of refining), namely different mineral acid dosings (conventionally it is added to break the soaps).…”

Section: Characterization Of Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Enzymatic Hydroesterification of Low-Cost Feedstocks by Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy

et al. 2019

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Enzymatic hydroesterification is a heterogeneous catalyzed process suitable for the conversion of low-cost feedstocks in biodiesel production, namely, because of its tolerance to high free fatty acid contents. The current study describes the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to monitor biodiesel production using enzymatic hydroesterification and, as raw materials, acid oil from soapstock and olive pomace oil. Acid oil (~34 wt.% FFA) and olive pomace oil (~50 wt.% FFA) were first hydrolyzed (35 °C, 24 h, 200 rpm, 3 wt.% of lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus, and 1:0.5 water:oil ratio, w:w), and then enzymatic esterification was performed (35 °C, 7 h, 200 rpm, 2 wt.% of lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus, and 2:1 molar ratio of methanol to acid). FTIR analyses were conducted on the products using a Jasco FT/IR-4100 with a scanning range of 4000–650 cm−1 at 4 cm−1 spectral resolution and 54 scans. For free fatty acid (FFA) quantification, the C=O band at 1708 cm–1 was used, corresponding to the carboxylic acid, whereas for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) quantification, the peak corresponding to C=O at 1746 cm−1 was considered, which corresponded to the ester. The results were calibrated using volumetric titration and gas chromatography analyses, concerning FFA and FAME quantification, respectively. The best conditions for analysis were determined, and a calibration method was established. FTIR has shown to be a simple, fast, and clean technique suitable to monitor hydroesterification of low-cost feedstocks.

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Ketone modification of alkyd synthesized from waste PET as a sustainable option: A comparative study of coating and thermal properties of alkyd–melamine–ketone resin systems

Erol,

Acar

2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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This study aims to prepare alkyd–melamine–ketone combinations from short‐oil alkyd resins synthesized using coconut oil fatty acid and waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) intermediate (bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, BHET) for coating applications with a green technology approach. For this aim, waste PET flakes obtained from post‐consumer water bottles were depolymerized by the glycolysis reaction. Purified depolymerization intermediate (BHET) was incorporated into the formulation of the four‐component alkyd resin, completely instead of the diol. For comparison, reference alkyds without waste PET were also synthesized. Then, ketone modifications of alkyd resins were carried out using cyclohexanone formaldehyde (CHF) resin by blending method. For this, firstly, melamine formaldehyde (MF) resin was added to the alkyd resin at a ratio of 40% by weight to obtain alkyd–melamine formaldehyde (Alkyd–MF) resin. Then, ketone‐modified blends were prepared at ratios of Alkyd–MF/CHF of 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50 by weight. The effect of using ketone (CHF) resin at different ratios and the presence of BHET on the coating properties and thermal behaviors of alkyd–ketone blend films were investigated. At the end of the study, high‐gloss (151–154 GU) and medium‐hard (71–120 König second) films exhibiting excellent adhesion (100%) were obtained from alkyd–ketone blends. In both the reference and PET‐based blend series, adding CHF resin to the alkyd–amino (Alkyd–MF) resin improved all physical coating properties. Moreover, with increasing CHF resin ratios, hardness, gloss, and abrasion properties increased in both series. Although acceptable and usable results have been obtained in all ratios of CHF resin (20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%), the optimum CHF resin ratio for each physical coating properties has changed depending on the desired properties and expectations. These blend films resisted corrosive chemicals such as concentrated alkali, acid, and salt solutions for 72 h without damage, and at the end of the 18 h not affected by water. Acetone, toluene, methanol, and ethyl acetate did not affect these films in any way. All films performed excellently in repeated environmental resistance testing over 10 cycles, simulating changing climate conditions. In the chemical coating tests, superior results were obtained with all CHF resin ratios. The thermal resistance of Alkyd–MF/CHF blend films was found to be quite high. The incorporation of CHF resin into the alkyd–amino (Alkyd–MF) resin improved thermal resistance, and as the amount of CHF resin increased the thermal stability increased in both blend series. Moreover, the thermal resistance of PET‐based blend films was higher than their counterparts in reference blends due to the use of long‐chain BHET having an aromatic unit.Highlights Alkyd–MF/CHF blends using alkyds with and without PET were prepared. Good physical/excellent chemical coating properties/high thermal resistance. Incorporation of CHF into Alkyd–MF improved coating/thermal properties. CHF significantly improved the individual alkali resistances of the alkyd. As CHF increased, physical coating properties/thermal resistance increased. The thermal stabilities of the PET‐based blend were even higher.

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Utilization of sunflower acid oil for synthesis of alkyd resin

Cited by 79 publications

References 15 publications

Synthesis and characteristics of tung oil-based acrylated-alkyd resin modified by isobornyl acrylate

Synthesis and characteristics of tung oil-based acrylated-alkyd resin modified by isobornyl acrylate

Monitoring Enzymatic Hydroesterification of Low-Cost Feedstocks by Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy

Ketone modification of alkyd synthesized from waste PET as a sustainable option: A comparative study of coating and thermal properties of alkyd–melamine–ketone resin systems

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