Utilization of primary alcohols in dual-fuel injection mode in a gasoline direct injection engine

Kalwar, Ankur; Singh, Akhilendra Pratap; Ágarwal, Avinash Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118068

Cited by 40 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Especially in terms of the excess air coefficient being  = 1. Kalwar et al [22] is an example of such studies. However, in this case, it is not possible to analyze changes in the excess air coefficient and make it dependent on the conditions and amount of individual fuels injected.…”

Section: Injection Of Gasoline With Other Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mixture formation strategies on combustion in dual-fuel engines – a review

Pielecha¹,

Sidorowicz²

2021

Combustion Engines

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The article presents an overview of technical solutions for dual fuel systems used in internal combustion engines. It covers the historical and contemporary genesis of using two fuels simultaneously in the combustion process. The authors pay attention to the value of the excess air coefficient in the cylinder, as the ignitability of the fuel dose near the spark plug is a critical factor. The mixture formation of compression ignition based systems are also analyzed. The results of research on indirect and direct injection systems (and their combinations) have been presented. Research sections were separated based to the use of gasoline with other fuels or diesel oil with other fuels. It was found that the use of two fuels in different configurations of the fuel supply systems extends the conditions for the use of modern combustion systems (jet controlled compression ignition, reactivity controlled compression ignition, intelligent charge compression ignition, premixed charge compression ignition), which will enable further improvement of combustion efficiency.

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Section: Injection Of Gasoline With Other Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mixture formation strategies on combustion in dual-fuel engines – a review

Pielecha¹,

Sidorowicz²

2021

Combustion Engines

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“…3 shows that both dual injection configurations could improve the engine thermal/fuel efficiency compared with single injection, mainly due to ethanol's faster combustion speed and more spark advance allowed by ethanol's anti-knock ability. Regarding the emissions performance, Table 4 shows that both configurations could effectively reduce the PM and PN emissions when compared with GDI [104,121,[148][149][150][151]. For gaseous emissions, the variation trends are highly dependent on engine operating conditions and there are usually trade-offs between emission species such as NOx vs CO/HC due to their different or conflicting emission formation pathways [152].…”

Section: Ethanol-gasoline Dual Injection Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They further compared the performance between methanol and ethanol, and found that MPI+GDI had better fuel efficiency and knock mitigation ability than EPI+GDI [127]. Kalwar et al [151] also observed a higher brake thermal efficiency for MPI+GDI than that of EPI+GDI. This could be attributed to methanol's slightly stronger cooling effect and higher laminar flame velocity than ethanol.…”

Section: Methanol-gasoline Dual Injection Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual injection: An effective and efficient technology to use renewable fuels in spark ignition engines

Huang

Surawski

Zhuang

et al. 2021

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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Modern spark ignition engines mostly use one injection system to deliver gasoline into the combustion chamber, using either direct injection or port fuel injection. Both technologies have their respective advantages. To integrate their advantages and to promote the use of renewable fuels, dual injection engines are in development in recent years. Dual injection represents an advanced combustion system and is a novel technology to address the urgent issues of sustainability and environmental protection. This study reviews the state-of-the-art research on dual injection spark ignition engines with a focus on renewable fuels, their advantages and engine performance. The main advantages of dual injection include greater control flexibility, enhanced cooling effect, knock mitigation, engine downsizing, extended lean-burn limits, higher thermal efficiency and reductions of several emission species. The most promising renewable fuels for dual injection are ethanol, methanol and hydrogen. Each renewable fuel is aimed at different advantages of dual injection.Alcohol-gasoline dual injection provides great anti-knock ability by taking advantage of alcohols' large enthalpies of vaporisation and high octane numbers, while hydrogen-gasoline dual injection provides extended lean-burn limits by taking advantage of hydrogen's low ignition energy, wide flammability limit and high flame speed. Direct injection of renewable fuels is the optimal injection strategy because it effectively utilises the strong cooling effect of alcohols or avoids the volumetric efficiency reduction and preignition of hydrogen. Dual injection generally demonstrates higher thermal efficiency than single injection.In addition, dual injection effectively reduces particulate emissions while there are usually trade-offs among gaseous emissions.

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“…Furthermore, due to improved fuel evaporation under lean-burn conditions, the accumulation mode PN can remain at a low level. Kalwar et al [24] found that the dual-fuel engine fuelled with methanol/gasoline could achieve the lowest particle emissions among the fuel selections of methanol/gasoline, ethanol/gasoline and butanol/gasoline. Liu et al [25] demonstrated that when the proportion of direct injection gasoline exceeds 50% in a PFI-ethanol and DI-gasoline dual-injection engine, PN is strongly affected by the change of ignition timing or direct injection timing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimising microscopic spray characteristics and particle emissions in a dual-injection spark ignition (SI) engine by changing GDI injection pressure

Pei

et al. 2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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Regarding reducing particle emissions from dual-injection spark ignition engines, most of the existing research focused on the benefits of using alcohol fuels. However, a comprehensive study of the effects of fuel injection pressure on microscopic spray characteristics and particle emissions in dual-injection spark ignition engines fuelled with gasoline has not been reported before. In this paper, with the assistance of phase Doppler particles analyser system and fast particle analyser, a study of optimising microscopic spray characteristics and particle emissions in a dual-injection spark ignition engine fuelled with gasoline by changing GDI injection pressure was conducted. The results show that by increasing injection pressure from 5.5 to 18 MPa, both normal and tangential components of droplet velocity increase, but the possibility of spray impingement would not increase a lot. Higher injection pressure would increase the probability of small droplets, and more droplets would collapse with a mode of continuous ripping or break down abruptly. From jet’s central axis to sides, Sauter mean diameter increases first, then reduces outside the spray boundary. Increasing injection pressure from 5.5 to 18 MPa reduces total particle number concentration, which is 53.98% and 45.44% at 2 bar and 10 bar, respectively. Meanwhile, the peak of particle number distribution curve decreases from 3.01 × 106 to 1.43 × 106 at 2 bar, whilst reducing from 1.08 × 106 to 5.33 × 105 at 10 bar. Overall, this paper comprehensively analyses the effects of fuel injection pressure on microscopic spray characteristics and particle emissions, whilst offering a practical approach to reduce particle emissions in dual-injection SI engines fuelled with gasoline.

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Utilization of primary alcohols in dual-fuel injection mode in a gasoline direct injection engine

Cited by 40 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of mixture formation strategies on combustion in dual-fuel engines – a review

Effects of mixture formation strategies on combustion in dual-fuel engines – a review

Dual injection: An effective and efficient technology to use renewable fuels in spark ignition engines

Optimising microscopic spray characteristics and particle emissions in a dual-injection spark ignition (SI) engine by changing GDI injection pressure

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