Utilization of potatoes for life support systems II. The effects of temperature under 24-H and 12-H photoperiods

Wheeler, Raymond M.; Steffen, Kenneth L.; Tibbitts, T. W.; Palta, Jiwan P.

doi:10.1007/bf02852926

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The higher leaf areas and total and tuber dry mass, and lower stem mass measured at the cooler temperatures (Fig. 2) are consistent with Borah and Milthorpe (1962), Ewing (1997), Marinus and Bodlaender (1975), Struik et al, 1989, andWheeler et al (1986). The reduction in tuber yield and leaf area at warmer temperatures confirms that high temperature adversely affects growth rate and tuber filling as reported by Marinus and Bodlaender (1975) and Wheeler et al (1986).…”

Section: Harvest Componentssupporting

confidence: 86%

Temperature Influence on Potato Leaf and Branch Distribution and on Canopy Photosynthetic Rate

2006

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Mature potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Kennebec) canopies are composed of leaves originating from main-and axillary-stem branches. Canopy leaf distribution and its corresponding contribution to wholecanopy photosynthetic rates have not been quantified. An experiment using SPAR (Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research) chambers maintained at 16-h day/night thermoperiods of 14/10, 17/12, 20/15, 23/18, 28/23, and 34/29°C was conducted. Mature canopies were divided into three horizontal layers of equal depth. Canopies were defoliated at each layer, from the ground upward, on successive days. Response curves for photosynthetic rate vs. irradiance were obtained after each defoliation. Leaf area within each layer followed a quadratic relationship with temperature. The largest areas were between 16.6 and 22.1°C. Main-stem leaves accounted for .50% of the total leaf area at temperatures ,22°C, while the proportion of axillary-stem leaf area in each layer increased with temperature. Canopy maximum gross photosynthetic rates, A MAX , before harvest ranged from 9.5 to 34.8 mmol CO 2 m 22 s 21 (production-area basis) and were higher at 14/10, 17/12, and 20/15°C temperatures than at 23/18, 28/23, and 34/29°C. These values were largely related to the quantity of leaf area in each chamber. The value of A MAX and canopy light use efficiency declined as successive canopy layers were removed, primarily due to decreases in canopy light interception. These results indicate that the relative proportion of main-or axillary-stem leaves are not as important for potato canopy modeling considerations as is the need to simulate the correct quantity of leaf area.

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Section: Harvest Componentssupporting

confidence: 86%

Temperature Influence on Potato Leaf and Branch Distribution and on Canopy Photosynthetic Rate

2006

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“…The following effects however were relevant. Stems contributed a higher proportion to the total plant dry matter at higher than at lower temperature pre-treatment in Experiment 1, because high temperature promotes stem growth (Marinus & Bodlaend6r, 1975;Wheeler et al, 1986). Allocation of dry matter to the stems was higher throughout Experiment 1 and in the early stages of growth in Experiment 2 (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Wheeler et al, 1986). Other plant characteristics not measured in the experiments, such as number and size of leaf primordia (cf: Vos, 1995), SLA (cf: Vos, 1995;Struik & Ewing, 1995), and induction to tuberize (Struik & Ewing, 1995) might also have been different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of temperature pre-treatment of transplants from in vitro produced potato plantlets on transplant growth and yield in the field

2001

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SummaryIn vitro produced potato plantlets, cvs Gloria and Spunta were planted in soil and exposed to day/night temperatures of 18/12 or 26120 "C for 14 days. They were then transplanted into the field in two experiments to assess after-effects of temperature on the performance of shortcycle crops. Accumulated intercepted radiation (AIR) was calculated from ground cover and incoming radiation, and dry matter production and fresh tuber yield were frequently recorded. Pre-treatment at 26/20 ~ caused higher leaf area at the end of the transplant production phase and resulted in a higher AIR at the end of the field phase than pre-treatment at 18/12 ~ Higher AIR, however, was not associated with significantly higher yield. Initially, the proportion of dry matter partitioned to tubers was lower after 26/20 ~ but this effect did not persist. High temperature pre-treatment may improve the performance of plantlets, especially of very early potato cultivars.

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“…For all of the testing at Wisconsin and Kennedy Space Center, in vitro nodal cuttings were used to start the plants (Hussey and Stacey, 1981;Wheeler et al, 1986). This assured uniform, disease-free planting stock for the experiments.…”

Section: Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potato and Human Exploration of Space: Some Observations from NASA-Sponsored Controlled Environment Studies

Wheeler

2006

Potato Research

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Future space exploration by humans will require reliable supplies of food, oxygen and clean water to sustain the expeditions. Potato is one of several crops being studied for such a Blife support^role. Tests sponsored by the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) confirmed the well-known short day tendencies for tuberisation, but also revealed that some cultivars (e.g., Norland, Denali and Russet Burbank) could tuberise well under continuous high light. Horticultural tests showed that plants grew well and tuberised readily using a nutrient film technique (NFT). CO 2 enrichment studies with potato showed typical C 3 responses in photosynthesis and yield, with maximum rates occurring near 1000 mmol mol j1 . The highest tuber yields from these controlled environment studies reached 19.7 kg FM m j2 or equivalent to nearly 200 t ha j1 . This equated to a productivity of 38 g DM day j1 . Stand evapotranspiration (ET) rates ranged from 3.4 to 5.2 l m j2 day j1 throughout growth, while maximum ET rates for canopies could approach 10 l m j2 day j1 . Harvest indices (tuber DM/total DM) typically ranged from 0.7 to 0.8, indicating that waste (inedible) biomass from potato would be less than that from many other crops. An experiment was conducted in 1995 on NASA_s Space Shuttle using excised potato leaves to study tuber formation at axillary buds during spaceflight. The results showed that tubers formed equally well in space as in the ground controls, indicating that reduced gravity should not be an impediment to tuberisation.

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Utilization of potatoes for life support systems II. The effects of temperature under 24-H and 12-H photoperiods

Cited by 49 publications

References 13 publications

Temperature Influence on Potato Leaf and Branch Distribution and on Canopy Photosynthetic Rate

Temperature Influence on Potato Leaf and Branch Distribution and on Canopy Photosynthetic Rate

Effects of temperature pre-treatment of transplants from in vitro produced potato plantlets on transplant growth and yield in the field

Potato and Human Exploration of Space: Some Observations from NASA-Sponsored Controlled Environment Studies

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