Utilization of Pomelo (Citrus maxima) Peel Waste into Bioactive Essential Oils: Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Properties

Abstract

The wastes generated during the post-harvest handling of various agricultural commodities is rather under-utlilized. The peels of citrus fruits are often discarded as waste. Citrus peels are rich in essential oils and exhibit toxicity towards various insect species. The essential oils are also an eco-friendly option for insect pest management. The Citrus maxima peel essential oil (CMEO), a waste product, characterized it, and evaluated its potential for insect pest management. The major terpenoids present in CMEO are Limonene and α-Pinene. The CMEO displayed potentials in controlling the insect pests via contact and fumigant toxicity. Moreover, CMEO showed significant larvicidal activities against Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Aedes aegypti species of mosquitoes; however, Armigeres subalbatus was more resistant. The biological safety of the essential oil was also tested against the stored seeds, where no significant inhibition of seed germination was noticed compared to the control. Utilizing a waste product such as citrus peel for pest management can achieve the dual objective of waste utilization and eco-friendly pest management. Overall, the CMEO is therefore found to be a bioactive essential oil extracted from the wastes of pomelo (C. maxima).

Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Leaf Essential Oils of Curcuma longa, Curcuma aromatica and Curcuma angustifolia

“…The chemical composition of the essential oils were determined according to our previously published method [ 73 ]. The chromatographic equipment used in the analysis was TSQ 8000 Evo system from the Thermo scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).…”

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Anti-Bacterial, and Anti-Cancer Activities of Essential Oils Extracted from Citrus limetta Risso Peel Waste Remains after Commercial Use

“…The radical quenching and bactericidal potentials of the essential oil is also reported that subsequently resulted in its wound-healing properties [ 16 ]. Similarly, antibacterial activities are also reported for essential oil isolated from C. maxima by different extraction methods [ 17 ]; likewise, this essential oil was also effective against pests of stored products [ 18 ]. The growth inhibitory potential against Aspergillus flavus, the producer of the common food toxicant aflatoxin, was also observed [ 19 ].…”

“…The chemical constituents are analyzed using a TSQ 8000 Evo GC-MS system (Thermoscientific, Waltham, MA, USA) furnished with an autosampling system and TG-5MS column as described by our previously published method [ 18 ]. The individual constituents were derived by matching the MS spectra of the NIST library.…”

Botanical Oils Isolated from Simmondsia chinensis and Rosmarinus officinalis Cultivated in Northern Egypt: Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

“…Natural and non-persistent insecticides are the most important priorities in this regard [ 1 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The botanical oils [ 15 ] extracted from plants have favorable ecotoxicological properties, including low toxicity to humans, further degradation, biodegradability, and lower environmental impact [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. They can be toxic to various important insect pests as fumigants [ 21 , 22 ], contact [ 23 ], repellent [ 23 , 24 , 25 ], antioxidant [ 26 ], or antifeedant [ 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”