Utilization of palm oil sludge through pyrolysis for bio-oil and bio-char production

Thangalazhy‐Gopakumar, Suchithra; Al-Nadheri, Wail Mohammed Ahmed; Jegarajan, Dinesh; Sahu, J.N.; Mubarak, Nabisab Mujawar; Nizamuddin, Sabzoi

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.068

Cited by 123 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…By releasing Oil the higher amount of volatile matter from raw POME during pyrolysis process, it elevated the fixed carbon content in the solid char derived and it is consistent with the findings reported by other researchers on char derived from microwave assisted pyrolysis process [28,36,37]. Meanwhile, other research was found on pyrolysis of POME for bio-char, it resulted moisture content and ash content that were consistent with the char obtained [38]. On the other hand, high fixed carbon content in the solid char indicated high percentage of carbon element in the solid char, as can be seen in the ultimate analysis result in Table 6.…”

Section: Solid Product Analysissupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Net calorific value of solid product of POME It is proven that solid product of microwave pyrolysis of POME that has high energy content which is more than 15000 J/g can be used as an alternative fuels in future. According to Thangalazhy-Gopakumar, solid char obtained from pyrolysis of POME was around 12.8 ± 0.2 MJ/kg [38]. It is consisted with the energy content obtained from microwave assisted pyrolysis of POME without the presence of microwave absorber.…”

Section: Solid Product Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile the nitrogenated compound was highly observed in the pyrolytic oil from microwave assisted pyrolysis of POME without microwave absorber. Nitrogenated compounds were not favorable for fuels; however, their presence can be reduced by changing the operating parameters [38]. Figure 8.…”

Section: Zakiuddin Et Al: Effect Of Mass Loading and Microwave Absorbmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of Mass Loading and Microwave Absorber Application Method on the Product From Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

Januri

Idris²,

Akhawan

et al. 2017

MJAS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Approximately, about 50 million tons of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is produced every year, however, discharge of POME to open water source will cause negative impact to environment. High production of POME makes it impossible to dispose at the disposal company, therefore, in-situ treatment has been developed. Current disposal method implemented by palm oil industries is through biodegradable pond. This method is applied due to high water content in POME about 90% of water. Microwave assisted pyrolysis would be an alternative method to deal with the POME since not only can disposed but also can convert to valuable material such as solid char and pyrolytic oil. In this paper, effect of mass loading of POME at a range of 100 to 500 grams with additional activated carbon (AC) was studied. Microwave power level, radiation time and mixing ratio of AC were set constant at 1000 W, 30 minutes and 5%, respectively. Product yields of solid and liquid were analyzed for the best process performance. Solid char obtained has a potential to be utilized as solid fuel since its energy content was >20 MJ/kg and has high carbon content at >80%. Meanwhile, about 20% of chemical content in the pyrolytic oil has the carbon number in the range of C 1 to C 10 .Keywords: mass loading, microwave absorber, microwave-assisted pyrolysis, palm oil mill effluent Abstrak Dianggarkan lebih kurang 50 juta ton Sisa Buangan Kilang Kelapa Sawit (POME) dihasilkan setiap tahun. Pembuangan POME ke sumber air semulajadi seperti sungai akan menyebabkan impak negatif kepada alam sekitar. Penghasilan POME yang tinggi menyebabkan ianya mustahil untuk dilupuskan oleh syarikat pelupusan, oleh yang demikian, rawatan in-situ dibangunkan. Cara pelupusan terkini oleh industri kelapa sawit adalah melalui kaedah kolam bio-degradasi. Kaedah ini diaplikasikan berikutan kandungan air yang tinggi di dalam POME iaitu lebih kurang 90% daripada isi kandungannya. Oleh yang demikian, kaedah menambahbaik pirolisis bantuan gelombang mikro (MAP) digunakan dan sekaligus POME dapat dilupuskan dan menukar hasil yang bermanfaat seperti arang pepejal and minyak pirolisis. Di dalam kajian ini, kesan berat kandungan POME di dalam anggaran 100 g ke 500 g dengan penambahan karbon aktif diberi tumpuan. Kadar kekuatan gelombang mikro, masa radiasi dan nisbah pencampuran karbon aktif masing -masing dimalarkan pada kadar 1000 W, 30 minit dan 5%. Penghasilan produk arang pepejal dan minyak pirolitik dianalisis untuk menentukan kadar terbaik penghasilannya. Arang pepejal yang terhasil mempunyai potensi sebagai sumber tenaga dan mempunyai kapasiti tenaga sekurang-kurangnya >20 MJ/kg dan mengandungi kandungan

show abstract

Section: Solid Product Analysissupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Solid Product Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of Mass Loading and Microwave Absorber Application Method on the Product From Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

Januri

Idris²,

Akhawan

et al. 2017

MJAS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pyrolysis technology, as the best available thermochemical conversion technology, has attracted great attention since it can turn waste into gas, liquid, and solid residue (Marcilla et al, 2012;Thangalazhy-Gopakumar et al 2015). The pyrolytic gas and liquid can be applied in fuel or chemical feedstock after improvement, and the solid residue, char, was used as cheap adsorbents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The stabilization of tannery sludge and the character of humic acid-like during low temperature pyrolysis

Gao

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tannery sludge contained plenty of organic matter, and the organic substance stability had direct impact on its derived chars' utilization. In this paper, the stabilization of tannery sludge and the variation of humic acid-like (HAL) extracted by different methods were investigated in a magnetic stirring reactor under low temperature pyrolysis of 100-400 °C. Results showed that the aromatic structure of pyrolysis chars increased with the increase of temperature and time. The char contained highly aromatic structure and relatively small dissolved organic matters (DOM) at 300 °C. The similar behaviors appeared in two HAL series by different extraction methods. The N content, H/C value, and aliphatic structures of HAL decreased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, while the C/N value and aromatic structures increased with the rise of pyrolysis temperature. The composition and functional groups of HAL were similar with the purchased humic acid (HA). The fluorescence spectra revealed that two main peaks were found at Ex/Em = 239/363-368 nm and 283/359-368 nm in each HAL series from raw and 100 °C pyrolysis tannery sludge, representing a protein-like matter. The new peak appeared at Ex/Em = 263-283/388 nm in each HAL series from 200 °C pyrolysis tannery sludge-represented humic acid-like matter. The fluorescence intensity increased strongly compared to the other two peak intensity. Therefore, the humification of organic matter was increased by pyrolyzing. Notably, the HAL from 200 °C pyrolysis tannery sludge contained simple molecular structure, and the polycondensation increased but with a relative lower humification degree compared to soil HAL and purchased HA. Therefore, the sludge needs further oxidation. The humic substance was negligible by direct extraction when the temperature was 300 and 400 °C.

show abstract

“…The biomass precursor for the preparation of AC has been broadly utilized apart from other raw materials such as coal and pet coke. The biomasses such as wood, sawdust, fruit stones, nutshells, seeds, residues, hulls, Eucalyptus maculate , cotton stalk, corn cob, corn straw, wheat, oil palm shell, palm oil sludge, palm oil empty fruit bunch, tamarind wood, bagasse, Euphorbia rigida , esparto grass, reedy grass leaves, bamboo waste, grape seeds, and rice husk have been considered for the preparation of ACs . It should be noted that the huge quantities of agricultural by‐products result from the annual harvesting and processing of various agricultural crops grown around the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface structural and energetic heterogeneity of carbon materials prepared from corn grains using steam and H₃PO₄‐steam activations

Shim

Kim²,

Lee

et al. 2015

Surface & Interface Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The porous activated carbons (ACs) were prepared from corn grains through physical (steam) and chemical-physical (H 3 PO 4 -steam) activations. The effects of steam activation temperature (700-900°C) on pore development, surface roughness, and energetic heterogeneity were investigated in both activations. Also, the effect of prior carbonization on H 3 PO 4 -steam activation was studied. The physical properties, surface fractal dimensions, and adsorption energy distributions of ACs were determined from nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm data. Both physical and chemical-physical activations show that the AC with higher surface area, relatively smoother surface, and energetically heterogeneous surface could be produced at a maximum steam activation temperature (900°C).

show abstract

Utilization of palm oil sludge through pyrolysis for bio-oil and bio-char production

Cited by 123 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of Mass Loading and Microwave Absorber Application Method on the Product From Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

Effect of Mass Loading and Microwave Absorber Application Method on the Product From Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

The stabilization of tannery sludge and the character of humic acid-like during low temperature pyrolysis

Surface structural and energetic heterogeneity of carbon materials prepared from corn grains using steam and H₃PO₄‐steam activations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Utilization of palm oil sludge through pyrolysis for bio-oil and bio-char production

Cited by 123 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of Mass Loading and Microwave Absorber Application Method on the Product From Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

Effect of Mass Loading and Microwave Absorber Application Method on the Product From Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

The stabilization of tannery sludge and the character of humic acid-like during low temperature pyrolysis

Surface structural and energetic heterogeneity of carbon materials prepared from corn grains using steam and H3PO4‐steam activations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Surface structural and energetic heterogeneity of carbon materials prepared from corn grains using steam and H₃PO₄‐steam activations