Utilization of optimized BCR three-step sequential and dilute HCl single extraction procedures for soil–plant metal transfer predictions in contaminated lands

Heavy metal pollution in sediments of a typical mariculture zone in South China

“…A certified standard reference estuarine sediment (SRM 1646A) and three Chinese standard reference soils (GSS6, GSS7, GSS16) (The State Administration of Quality Supervision, 2003) were used and the recovery rates for the heavy metals were reasonably good (77-119%). For sequential extraction, the quality assurance and check methodologies were the same as those used by Kubová et al (2008). Table 1 shows that the ranges of Al, Fe, Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Pb and Cr levels measured in this study were comparable to those reported in earlier studies (Qiu and Zhu, 2004;Qiu et al, 2005Qiu et al, , 2011.…”

“…The detection limits for Al, Fe, Ni, As, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Cr were 1.8, 5.1, 0.056, 0.020, 0.49, 0.57, 0.009, 0.005 and 0.037 lg/L, respectively. Chemical speciation of heavy metals in the sediments was obtained by the modified BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure (Rauret et al, 2000), as used in previous studies (Kubová et al, 2008;Gao et al, 2010). Heavy metals in the sediment samples were successively extracted as the acid soluble fraction, reducible fraction and oxidizable fraction.…”

Metal content and distribution in surface sediments in an industrial region

“…This stream receives all discharges from one of the main urban centers and around its site there are electroplating, metallurgical and chemical industries. Cu was extracted mainly in reducible (1-24%) and oxidized (6-29%) fractions of the sequential extraction procedure, according to results from other studies that evaluated urban and industrial influences (Davidson et al 1994, Kubová et al 2008, Davidson et al 2006, Rodrigues and Formoso 2006, Hang et al 2009, Li et al 2009, Vymazal et al 2010, Davutluoglu et al 2011. In addition, a high percentage in the exchangeable phase (21%) was also observed in the Luiz Rau stream, in accordance to studies by Irabien and Velasco (1999), Hang et al (2009), and Liu et al (2009.…”

“…The Pb association to these phases has been reported by several authors e.g. Davidson et al (1994Davidson et al ( , 2006, Kubová et al (2008), Boughriet et al (2007), Li et al (2009), Vymazal et al (2010, Davutluoglu et al (2011), andDundar et al (2012). Pb oxidizable fraction presence may be due to the complex-metal formation with humic substances and/or metal sulfides insoluble in the sediments (Davutluoglu et al 2011).…”

Pb, Zn, and Cd Distribution and Migration at a Historical Zinc Smelting Site

“…Compared to SL, elevated Pb existed in the weak acid extracted fraction in CS and BS, while Pb in the weak acid extracted fraction in SE was between CS and SL. Zn in SL was associated predominantly with the reducible Although all fractions except for residuals are generally bio-available [35], metals bounded to the weak acid extracted fraction are most readily available to plants and living organisms, and can be applied to the prediction of qualitative mobility of metals in different soil systems [36][37][38]. Therefore, metals present in the weak acid extracted fraction in the present study were interpreted to be relatively more mobile.…”