Utilization of Methionine and Methionine Hydroxy Analog by Rumen Microorganisms in Vitro

Salsbury, R. L.; Marvil, D K; Woodmansee, C. W.; Haenlein, G.F.W.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(71)85850-2

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Several reports indicate that dairy cows supplemented with methionine hydroxy analogs have demonstrated improvements in bacterial protein synthesis (Arambel et al, 1987), protozoal counts (Lundquist et al, 1985), ruminal lipid synthesis (Patton et al, 1970), fiber digestion (Salsbury et al, 1971;de Vuyst et al, 1975), and shifts in VFA patterns (Lundquist et al, 1985). One such methionine analog, HMTBa, is used as a source of methionine for dairy cows (Chen et al, 2011).…”

Section: Effect Of Hmtba On Reducing Perturbations In Ruminal Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoate (HMTBa) supplementation on rumen bacterial populations in dairy cows when exposed to diets with risk for milk fat depression

Pitta

Indugu

Vecchiarelli

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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Diet-induced milk fat depression (MFD) is a condition marked by a reduction in milk fat yield experimentally achieved by increasing dietary unsaturated fatty acids and fermentable carbohydrates. 2-Hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoate (HMTBa) is a methionine analog observed to reduce diet-induced MFD in dairy cows. We hypothesize that the reduction in diet-induced MFD by HMTBa is due to changes in the rumen microbiota. To test this, 22 high-producing cannulated Holstein dairy cows were placed into 2 groups using a randomized block design and assigned to either control or HMTBa supplementation (0.1% of diet dry matter). All cows were then exposed to 3 different diets with a low risk (32% neutral detergent fiber, no added oil; fed d 1 to 7), a moderate risk (29% neutral detergent fiber and 0.75% soybean oil; fed d 8 to 24), or a high risk (29% neutral detergent fiber and 1.5% soybean oil; fed d 25 to 28) for diet-induced MFD. Rumen samples were collected on d 0, 14, 24, and 28, extracted for DNA, PCR-amplified for the V1-V2 region of the 16S rRNA gene, sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq (Illumina, San Diego, CA), and subjected to bacterial diversity analysis using the QIIME pipeline. The α diversity estimates (species richness and Shannon diversity) were decreased in the control group compared with the HMTBa group. Bacterial community composition also differed between control and HMTBa groups based on both weighted UniFrac (relative abundance of commonly detected bacteria) and unweighted UniFrac (presence/absence) distances. Within the HMTBa group, no differences were observed in bacterial community composition between d 0 and d 14, 24, and 28; however, in the control group, d 0 samples were different from d 14, 24, and 28. Certain bacterial genera including Dialister, Megasphaera, Lachnospira, and Sharpea were increased in the control group compared with the HMTBa group. Interestingly, these genera were positively correlated with milk fat trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid and trans-10 C18:1, fatty acid isomers associated with biohydrogenation-induced MFD. It can be concluded that diet-induced MFD is accompanied by significant alterations in the rumen bacterial community and that HMTBa supplementation reduces these microbial perturbations.

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Section: Effect Of Hmtba On Reducing Perturbations In Ruminal Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoate (HMTBa) supplementation on rumen bacterial populations in dairy cows when exposed to diets with risk for milk fat depression

Pitta

Indugu

Vecchiarelli

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…There was evidence of the production of (CH3)2S2 or (CH3)2S (oxidation products from CH3SH) but the concentrations of these sulphides were also small relative to H 2S. Dunham et al (1968) reported that (CH3hS was the sulphide produced from methionine by ruminal microorganisms in vitro, although Zikakis and Salsbury (1969) and Salsbury et al (1971) later found that CH3SH was the chief sulphide produced in vitro. Downes et al (1970b) found peak concentrations of inorganic 35S in plasma 6 hr after orally dosing two sheep with [35S]methionine, and about 40% of the infused 35S was excreted in the urine in 24 hr, compared with 5% with abomasal infusions.…”

Section: (F) Body Weight Gains and Wool Production Data (Table 6)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a-keto-y-methylmercaptobutyrate), if formed, might be less digestible than is methionine. A further possibility may be decarboxylation of methionine to yield 3-methylthiopropylamine (see Hagino and Nakayama 1968) or oxidation to yield methionine sulphoxide (Salsbury et al 1971).…”

Section: (F) Body Weight Gains and Wool Production Data (Table 6)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…McDonald 1968). Recently studies of the metabolism of methionine by ruminal microorganisms have been initiated (Zikakis and Salsbury 1969;Salsbury et al 1971;Nader and Walker 1970;Bird 1972a) and it is now evident that there are differences in the rates of degradation and end products resulting from the decomposition of methionine and cystine. Bird (1972a) found that the concentrations of CH3SH, or of H 2S, in the rumen following ruminal infusions of methionine were extremely low compared with the concentrations of sulphide arising from the infusion of cyst(e)ine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sulphur Metabolism and Excretion Studies in Ruminants VIII. Methionine Degradation and Utilization in Sheep When Infused Into the Rumen or Abomasum

Bird¹,

Moir²

1972

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Methionine (2 g/day) was continuously infused either abomasally or ruminally into two groups of sheep (four per group) over a 6-week period. After a further 6 weeks on the basal diet, which supplied daily 900 g dry matter, 18· 3 g nitrogen, and 1· 45 g sulphur, the infusion treatments were reversed. A control group of four sheep did not receive infusions. After 13 days on each treatment L-[35S}methionine was continuously infused, along with the carrier methionine, for 5 days during which the sheep were fed at 2-hourly intervals.Of the [35S]methionine infused ruminally 74% of the 35S flowed to the omasum; 6'4% of this was inorganic 35S. A large proportion of the organic 35S was associated with microbial or particulate ma,terial. It was estimated that less than a quarter of the 35S could have been as free methionine. Partial degradation of methionine may account for portion of the organic 35S found in omasal digesta. Wool growth and sulphur content of the wool was increased by 28 v. 68% and 4'5% v. 19'7% above the controls for ruminal or abomasal infusions, respectively. Body weight gains also improved with methionine infusions: control, ruminal, and abomasal treatment mean gains were 0·09, 0,41, and 0·66 kg/week, respectively. Larger nitrogen and sulphur balances were associated with the greater responses to abomasal infusions. Ruminal infusions did not alter the flow of protein to the omasum or the digestibility of organic matter.The responses obtained with ruminal infusions of methionine suggest that increasing the dietary intake of methionine, or the rate of fluid flow from the rumen, may ena,ble dietary supplements of methionine to effect improvements in wool production and body weight gains.

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“…Despite the continued focus on nutritional management of peripartal cows, little is known about the response of rumen microbes to methionine supplementation. For example, Salsbury et al [ 15 ] and Gil et al [ 3 ] were among the first to observe that unprotected supplemental methionine enhanced ruminal bacteria growth rate and protein synthesis in vitro.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen-protected methionine during the peripartal period in dairy cows and its effects on abundance of major species of ruminal bacteria

Abdelmegeid

Elolimy

Zhou

et al. 2018

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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BackgroundExtensive degradation of amino acids in the rumen via microbial deamination decreases the post-ruminal availability of dietary indispensable amino acids. Together with the normal decrease in voluntary dry matter intake (DMI) around parturition in dairy cows, microbial metabolism contributes to a markedly negative balance of indispensable amino acids, including methionine which may be the first-limiting for milk production. The main objective of the current study was to profile changes in major bacterial species with key functions in cellulose and hemicellulose digestion, xylan breakdown, proteolytic action, propionic acid production, lactate utilization and ruminal biohydrogenation in cows supplemented with rumen-protected Methionine (SM; Smartamine M, Adisseo NA, Alpharetta, GA, USA) from −23 through 30 d relative to parturition. Because ~90% of the methionine in SM bypasses the rumen, ~10% of the methionine is released into the rumen and can be utilized by microbes.ResultsAs expected, there was an increase in overall DMI after parturition (Day, P < 0.05) during which cows consumed on average 19.6 kg/d versus 13.9 kg/d in the prepartum period. The postpartum diet contained greater concentrations of lipid and highly-fermentable carbohydrate from corn grain, which likely explains the increases in the relative abundance of Anaerovibrio lipolytica, Megasphaera elsdenii, Prevotella bryantii, Selenomonas ruminantium, Streptococcus bovis, and Succinimonas amylolytica. Despite similar DMI prepartum, cows fed SM had greater (Treatment × Day, P < 0.05) abundance prepartum of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Succinimonas amylolytica, and Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens. However, the greater DMI in cows fed SM after parturition (19.6 kg/d versus 13.9 kg/d) was associated with lower abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes (2.13 × 10−3 versus 2.25 × 10−4) and Selenomonas ruminantium (2.98 × 10−1 versus 4.10 × 10−1). A lower abundance (Day, P < 0.05) was detected on d 20 compared with d −10 for Fibrobacter succinogenes and Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens. The relative abundance of Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus and Eubacterium ruminantium was stable across treatment and time.ConclusionsIn diets with proper balance of rumen-degradable protein and fermentable carbohydrate, the small fraction of Methionine released from the rumen-protected supplement did not seem to compromise growth of major bacterial species in the rumen. In fact, it had a positive effect on 3 major species prepartum when DMI was similar between groups. Because the actual requirements of Methionine (and Lysine, for example) by the cow during the transition period are unknown, it appears warranted to study the rumen microbiome as it relates to supply of rumen-protected amino acids.

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Utilization of Methionine and Methionine Hydroxy Analog by Rumen Microorganisms in Vitro

Cited by 30 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoate (HMTBa) supplementation on rumen bacterial populations in dairy cows when exposed to diets with risk for milk fat depression

Effect of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoate (HMTBa) supplementation on rumen bacterial populations in dairy cows when exposed to diets with risk for milk fat depression

Sulphur Metabolism and Excretion Studies in Ruminants VIII. Methionine Degradation and Utilization in Sheep When Infused Into the Rumen or Abomasum

Rumen-protected methionine during the peripartal period in dairy cows and its effects on abundance of major species of ruminal bacteria

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