Utilization of Menteş iron ore as oxygen carrier in Chemical-Looping Combustion

Chemical Looping Combustion Characteristics of Coal with a Novel CaSO4–Ca2CuO3 Mixed Oxygen Carrier

“…Therefore, the OC should satisfy several requirements for its practical application, including sufficient oxygen transfer capacity, excellent reactivity, sufficient mechanical strength, good resistance to agglomeration and sintering, environmental benignity, low cost, etc. 2 In terms of the OC selection for the CLC process, transition-metal-oxide-based OCs, such as NiO, Fe 2 O 3 , CuO, etc., have been widely investigated because of their superior reactivity, 3,4 while relatively high cost, low oxygen transfer capacity, and potential secondary environmental pollution may deter their wide application in a realistic CLC system. 5,6 Therefore, sulfate OCs, especially calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 ), have attracted more and more attention.…”

“…In terms of the OC selection for the CLC process, transition-metal-oxide-based OCs, such as NiO, Fe 2 O 3 , CuO, etc., have been widely investigated because of their superior reactivity, , while relatively high cost, low oxygen transfer capacity, and potential secondary environmental pollution may deter their wide application in a realistic CLC system. , Therefore, sulfate OCs, especially calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 ), have attracted more and more attention. , As the major component of natural gypsum ores and industrial byproducts from flue gas desulfurization and other processes, CaSO 4 provides great possibility for its large-scale industrial application as a result of its great advantages as easy availability, low cost, and resource utilization without potential secondary environmental harm during storage. Nevertheless, CaSO 4 has some problems to be solved when widely used as an OC in a realistic CLC system, including its inferior reactivity as well as unavoidable CaSO 4 side reactions, which may lead to some combustible gases unburned and gaseous sulfur left in the reactor outlet. − Although a high operating temperature could improve the reactivity of the CaSO 4 OC, the undesired sintering and deactivation of the CaSO 4 OC in the mean time should be concerned.…”

Assessment of the Redox Characteristics of Iron Ore by Introducing Biomass Ash in the Chemical Looping Combustion Process: Biomass Ash Type, Constituent, and Operating Parameters

“…The UOC was further calcined at 950 °C for 4 h in a muffle furnace (AAF 12/18, maximum temperature of 1200 °C, Carbolite Gero Ltd.) to improve the mechanical strength. 47 …”

“…Natural iron ore was sieved by a mechanical screen classifier, and the appropriate particle samples with apparent diameters of 0.30–0.45 mm were selected as the unmodified Fe-based oxygen carrier (UOC). The UOC was further calcined at 950 °C for 4 h in a muffle furnace (AAF 12/18, maximum temperature of 1200 °C, Carbolite Gero Ltd.) to improve the mechanical strength …”

“…The UOC was further calcined at 950 °C for 4 h in a muffle furnace (AAF 12/18, maximum temperature of 1200 °C, Carbolite Gero Ltd.) to improve the mechanical strength. 47 Four kinds of biomass were adopted as the raw materials to prepare the biomass ashes (BAs). Rape stalks (RAs) and rice stalks (RIs) are typical agricultural residues from Jiangxi Province, China, platane wood (PW) is woody biomass from Liaoning Province, China, and U. lactuca (UL) is a typical aquatic biomass in the northern seas of China.…”