Utilization of Mangifera indica as Substrate to Bioremediate the Toxic Metals and Generate the Bioenergy through a Single-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell

Abstract

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a sustainable approach for the remediation of metals and the simultaneous production of energy. This paper highlighted the usage of mango extract to produce electricity as an organic source for bacteria and reduce metal ions from wastewater. The observed results were 51 mV in 15 days with 500 Ω of external resistance. The whole operation was carried out at room temperature. The observed current and power density were 28.947 mA/m2 and 0.972 mW/m2, respectively. The internal resistance was 150 Ω, which is lower than external resistance. The remediation performance varied with the metal ions as follows: Pb (II) shows 75%, Cd (II) shows 74.11%, and Cr (III) shows 80.50%. Finally, the detailed working mechanism of the present study, MFC challenges, and future research directions are covered in this paper.

Impact of Commercial Sugar as a Substrate in Single-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells to Improve the Energy Production with Bioremediation of Metals

“…Overall, the CV study demonstrated that adequate oxidation and reduction processes occurred throughout the MFC operation. In comparison to previous studies [27,28], the reaction was quite fast due to the sugar solution serving as an inoculation.…”

Utilizing Biomass-Based Graphene Oxide–Polyaniline–Ag Electrodes in Microbial Fuel Cells to Boost Energy Generation and Heavy Metal Removal

“…According to earlier literature, one of the causes for the voltage trend decreasing throughout operation is the use of organic substrate. The organic substrate must be sufficient to supply fuel for bacterial activities for an extended survival [ 43 , 44 ]. In the present study, both electrodes showed excellent performance because electrodes are used to transport the electrons.…”

“…A whopping 97% of biofilm is water, with 2–5% bacterial cells, 3–6% extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), and trace amounts of mineral ions [ 51 ]. A variable that keeps bacteria on the anode surface for electron production is EPSs, comprised of nucleic acids (10%), polysaccharides (40–95%), lipids (40%), and proteins (1–60%) [ 44 , 56 , 57 ]. EPSs are also a hydrated component of biofilms that retain 97% of their water content via hydrogen bonding.…”