Utilization of long lasting insecticidal net among children aged less than five years in a tertiary health facility in south-west Nigeria

Low Mortality among Under-5 Children with Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A 5-Year Retrospective Analysis of 588 Admissions in Ibadan, Nigeria

“…The case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.36% from this study is much lower than that from Abdulkarim's report (6.6%) from UITH Ilorin, 10.1% documented by Odeyemi et al 32 in Ogbomoso Nigeria, the 12% recorded among 1692 patients in Niger Delta as reported by Obiora et al 33 and is the lowest from all reports in Nigeria and most sub-Saharan Africa. 15 32 33 34 Mulholland similarly documented an average CFR of 4% among 12 medium-sized hospitals in Nigeria in his review of management of childhood pneumonia in Nigeria, with the highest being the 7.5%, which he attributed to the pervading poverty in the region, out of pocket policy of management and importantly the high cost of oxygen therapy and limited access to it.…”

“…7 The case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.36% from this study is much lower than that from Abdulkarim's report (6.6%) from UITH Ilorin, 10.1% documented by Odeyemi et al 32 in Ogbomoso Nigeria, the 12% recorded among 1692 patients in Niger Delta as reported by Obiora et al 33 and is the lowest from all reports in Nigeria and most sub-Saharan Africa. 15,[32][33][34] Mulholland similarly documented an average CFR of 4% among 12 medium-sized hospitals in Nigeria in his review of management of childhood pneumonia in Nigeria, with the highest being the 7.5%, which he attributed to the pervading poverty in the region, out of pocket policy of management and importantly the high cost of oxygen therapy and limited access to it. 34,35 The CFR from this study is also lower than the 3.3% reported by Howie et al 36 in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) study conducted in six communities in Gambia, but fairly comparable to a CFR of 1.7% reported among 174 children who were hospitalized for severe pneumonia birth cohort of 1,143 children followed up for 2 years in South Africa as reported by Le Roux et al 37 A systematic review of 37 published articles on childhood pneumonia among the Chinese under-5 children by Guan et al 38 also showed a CFR that ranged between 0.52 and 1.94% among those less than 5 years, which is comparable to findings from this study.…”

“…Studies reporting different findings possibly suffered from lack of capacity for identifying fastidious organisms such as Pneumococcus and Hib. 31 32 However, Pneumococcus and Hib were important, although not the commonest etiological agents in study of severe cases of community-acquired pneumococcal syndrome for a 2-year period (2005–2007) involving children aged 2–59 months who were cultured at the UCH, Ibadan, 24 suggesting the improved capacity for identifying fastidious organisms. 30 31 It is also possible that the introduction of the pentavalent vaccine containing Hib vaccine in 2014, 7 as well as the phased introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 10 valent from 2014 to 2016 into the NPI, might be offering some protection against these two common causes of CAP among under-5s.…”

Age-specific malaria vulnerability and transmission reservoir among children

“…It decreases malaria deaths by about 50 % in children below 5 years of age. 58 In one study focused on the characteristics of sub-patent malaria in a pre-elimination setting, it was found that about 27 % of sub-patent malaria is reported to have detectable gametocytaemia, suggesting the importance of active and reactive case detection using molecular methods. 59 Focal screening using polymerase chain reaction to find the hidden parasite reservoir in the asymptomatic individuals, especially the school-age group, may effectively interrupt transmission and accelerate the progress toward malaria elimination.…”

Prevalence of Asymptomatic Malaria and Anemia Among Primary School Children in Enugu State, Nigeria

“…These contributing factors include poor sanitation and hygiene practices, lack of access to safe drinking water, and poverty. Also, inadequate healthcare services, including a lack of access to malaria diagnostic tools and effective treatment, contribute significantly to the high prevalence of malaria and anaemia [4].…”