Utilization of Iron Tailings Sand as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative to Natural River Sand in High-Strength Concrete: Shrinkage Characterization and Mitigation Strategies

Zhang, Zhiqiang; Zhang, Zhilu; Yin, Shi; Yu, Lin

doi:10.3390/ma13245614

Cited by 29 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Iron tailings are inert at room temperature [ 26 , 27 ]. Previous studies have used iron tailings as coarse [ 28 , 29 ] and fine aggregates [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ], as well as silica materials for the production of aerated concrete at high temperatures [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Some studies have also used iron tailings as an admixture [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ] and examined the activation of iron tailings powder [ 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Behaviour Evaluation of Full Iron Tailings Concrete Columns under Large Eccentric Short-Term Loading

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2023

Materials

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In this study, full iron tailings concrete (FITC) was created using iron tailings from a tailings pond in Qian’an, China. Iron tailings account for 86.8% of the total mass of solid raw materials in the FITC. To enable large-scale use of FITC, a comprehensive investigation of the structural behaviour of full-iron tailing-reinforced concrete (FITRC) specimens is warranted. Therefore, eight rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) columns with conventional reinforced concrete (CRC) as a control were tested to investigate the effects of section dimensions, initial eccentricities, and concrete strengths, on the structural behaviour of FITRC columns under large eccentric short-term loading. The experimental and analytical results indicated that the sectional strain of the FITRC columns satisfied the plane-section assumption under short-term loading, and the lateral deflection curve agreed well with the half-sinusoidal curve. In addition, the FITRC columns exhibited a slightly lower cracking load and lower ultimate load capacity than the CRC columns, and the crack widths were larger than those of the CRC columns. The reduction in the load capacity observed in the FITRC was within the permissible range stated in the design code, thereby satisfying the code requirements. The deformation coefficients of the FITRC and CRC columns were identical, and the cracking and ultimate loads calculated according to the current code and theories were in good agreement with the measured results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Behaviour Evaluation of Full Iron Tailings Concrete Columns under Large Eccentric Short-Term Loading

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…Molybdenum tailings are similar to sand in density, microstructure, and chemical composition [22], and molybdenum tailings can achieve a higher replacement rate (100% replacement rate) when molybdenum tailings serve as fine aggregates to prepare environment-friendly concrete components [23]. The compactness and waterproofing properties of concrete are improved when iron tailings replace sand [24], and when preparing environment-friendly concrete from iron tailings, the autogenous shrinkage rate of iron tailings concrete was 9.8% higher than that of sand concrete at the age of 90 days [25]. Copper tailings can refine the pore size and promote long-term strength development of concrete [26], and replacing sand with copper tailings is conducive to the utilization of copper tailings and the improvement of concrete mechanical strength on the premise that the mechanical strength of concrete meets requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Mechanism Analysis of Graphite Tailings Environment-Friendly Concrete

Duan

Liu

et al. 2022

Materials

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The development of tailings in concrete technology is not only conducive to the realization of the goal of reducing carbon emissions, but also conducive to the inhibition the occurrence of shortages of sand and gravel supplies. In this study, graphite tailings were used to replace sand in the range of 0~100%, and the mechanical mechanism of graphite tailings concrete was examined through compressive and flexural tests. The mechanical experimental results were evaluated and verified based on concrete macroscopic failure appearance, mesoscopic failure appearance, and physical characteristics of graphite tailings. The results revealed that the concrete strength increases first and then decreases with the increase of the graphite tailings content. Compared to GT00 (GT00 is a specimen with a graphite tailings content of 0%, and so on), GT10~GT60 exhibited better mechanical properties, of which 30% was recommended as the optimal replacement rate. The mechanical properties of GT10 and GT20 had an upward trend, and GT30 had low spalling, with aggregate fragmentation found on the fracture surface. GT30 showed the best resistance to bending and deformation. The mechanical properties of GT40~GT60 had a downward trend. When the graphite tailings content was higher than 70%, the interface defects of the aggregate matrix increased, thus making it easier for cracks to propagate along the interface. Furthermore, the mechanism of graphite tailings replacing sand verified the test results from different perspectives, which provides new analysis ideas for other tailings in environment-friendly concrete.

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“…It was estimated that there were 25 billion tonnes of solid wastes in the mines of China, and this number is continuously increasing year by year [1]. e improper disposal of the tailings may cause dangerous environmental problems; more than 70 million Yuan was spent every year on tailings disposal and risk monitoring in China [2]. Most tailings were disposed of in tailings reservoirs, which was a source of man-made hazards [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Characteristics of Cemented Tailings Containing Crumb Rubber as a Filling Material

Qin

Huang

et al. 2022

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Increasing amounts of tailings and waste rubber tires have caused threats to the environment. In order to reuse these solid wastes, this study proposed a cemented tailings material containing crumb rubber recovered from waste tires. Unconfined compression tests and thermal conductivity measurements were conducted to evaluate the feasibility and performance of the proposed cemented tailings. Results revealed that the stress-strain behavior of the cemented tailings changed by the inclusion of crumb rubber. The unconfined compressive strength of cemented tailings decreased with increasing crumb rubber content. The inclusion of crumb rubber increased the failure strain and nonlinearity index of the cemented tailings. It was found that the addition of 4% crumb rubber provided the greatest improvement in ductility. The increase of the rubber content further increased the thermal insulation capacity of the cemented tailings. The low stiffness and the dimpled surface of the crumb rubber were responsible for the reduced compressive strength and thermal conductivity of the cemented tailings. In conclusion, the crumb rubber had both positive and negative effects on the cemented tailings. In practical application, the rubber admixture amount should be flexibly adjusted for different use case to make the cemented tailings material show the most suitable performance characteristic.

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Utilization of Iron Tailings Sand as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative to Natural River Sand in High-Strength Concrete: Shrinkage Characterization and Mitigation Strategies

Cited by 29 publications

References 42 publications

Mechanical Behaviour Evaluation of Full Iron Tailings Concrete Columns under Large Eccentric Short-Term Loading

Mechanical Behaviour Evaluation of Full Iron Tailings Concrete Columns under Large Eccentric Short-Term Loading

Mechanical Properties and Mechanism Analysis of Graphite Tailings Environment-Friendly Concrete

Performance Characteristics of Cemented Tailings Containing Crumb Rubber as a Filling Material

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