Utilization of Ionic Liquids in Wood and Wood-Related Applications — A Review

Ionic Liquids as Antifungal Agents for Wood Preservation

“…1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium formate is highly selective towards the dissolution of hemicellulose [ 89 , 90 ]; as pretreatment media for wood biomass to improve the accessibility of the cellulase enzymes in the bulk of the wood [ 91 ]; as media for the cellulose component chemical modification, e.g., acetylation of wood in and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride/acetate mixture [ 92 ]; as media for obtaining useful chemicals through depolymerization of wood lignin (5-hydroxymethylfurfural can be obtained after a long-run 24 h thermal treatment of wood 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) or wood cellulose (maltose, nigerose, kojibiose, laminaribiose, isomaltose, and gentiobiose can be obtained from cellulose through treatment with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) [ 93 , 94 ]; as carriers for different impregnants or antifungal agents into the structure of wood. In this application, ILs are useful through improving the penetration ability of the transported species through promoting wood swelling [ 25 , 33 ]; as plasticizers for wood: ionic liquids with alkylammonium, alkylpyridinium or 1- n -alkyl-3-methylimidazolium (>C10) cations, do not dissolve the wood components, but can disrupt the inter- and intramolecular bonding in cellulose and/or lignin and increase the number of amorphous domains in opposition with the crystalline ones [ 30 , 95 ]; as additives, providing various functionality: fire retarders (especially alkylphosphonium ILs, or ILs with hexafluorophosphate or tetrafluoroborate anions) [ 96 ], thermal and UV stabilizers [ 29 , 97 ], antistatic agents [ 98 ] and so forth. …”

“…as additives, providing various functionality: fire retarders (especially alkylphosphonium ILs, or ILs with hexafluorophosphate or tetrafluoroborate anions) [ 96 ], thermal and UV stabilizers [ 29 , 97 ], antistatic agents [ 98 ] and so forth.…”

Design of sustainable ionic liquids based on l-phenylalanine and l-alanine dipeptides: Synthesis, toxicity and biodegradation studies

“…Concerns have been raised that the design of inert ILs can lead to examples which tend to show poor degradability in environmental conditions [22][23][24][25]. Although progress has been made in IL recyclability, reuse is limited to a certain number of cycles before inevitable contamination and the need for ILs to be discarded at the end of their use [18,26]. For that reason, it is extremely important that ILs used in industrial applications result in a minimal impact to the environment [11,27].…”

Latest technological advances and insights into capture and removal of hydrogen sulfide: a critical review

“…In regard to recyclability, ILs are well-known for their potential recyclability 406,407 due to their unique properties, such as low vapor pressure 408 and high stability. 409 In general, ILs can be recovered through processes like solvent regeneration or extraction.…”