Utilization of influenza and streptococcal pharyngitis point-of-care testing in the community pharmacy practice setting

Klepser, Donald G.; Klepser, Michael E.; Smith, Jaclyn K.; Dering-Anderson, Allison M.; Nelson, Maggie; Pohren, Lauren E.

doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.04.012

Cited by 53 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Additionally, these reports revealed that pharmacists managing patients according to evidence-based CPAs had lower rates of inappropriate antimicrobial use compared to published data [8].…”

Section: Pharmacy-based Laboratory Testingmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Point-of-care testing in the pharmacy: how is the field evolving?

Klepser

2017

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics

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“…Additionally, these reports revealed that pharmacists managing patients according to evidence-based CPAs had lower rates of inappropriate antimicrobial use compared to published data [8].…”

Section: Pharmacy-based Laboratory Testingmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Acute conditions such as acute pharyngitis and influenza-like-illness are examples where CPAs have been utilized to allow pharmacists to screen and manage appropriate patients based on CLIA-POCT results. Published reports have highlighted the safety and efficacy of these CPA-based disease management programs [6][7][8].…”

Section: Pharmacy-based Laboratory Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point-of-care testing in the pharmacy: how is the field evolving?

Klepser

2017

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics

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“…As described in the literature, pharmacists utilizing RIDTs to manage patients with influenza‐like illness utilize a combination of test results and clinical judgment to rule out influenza . Additionally, it is prudent for the pharmacist to establish a follow‐up procedure for all patients seen in the pharmacy to serve as a safety net, and some jurisdictions require pharmacists to develop a follow‐up care plan as a legal mandate…”

Section: Key Areas Of Concern From Stakeholdersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pharmacy‐based influenza management increases access to care for patients who do not have a primary care provider available to them. Studies show 34.6% and 37.5% of patients who present to the pharmacy with influenza‐like illness report having no primary care provider . Moreover, 35.6% and 38.7% of patients present to the pharmacy outside of traditional clinic hours, suggesting urgent care or the emergency department were potential alternative venues of care …”

Section: Key Areas Of Concern From Stakeholdersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One example is a pharmacy‐based model to manage patients with influenza. Such models have been explored in Canada, Japan, New Zealand, Norway and various jurisdictions within the United States (U.S) – during both seasonal influenza and during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Three primary models of pharmacy‐based influenza management have been reported in the literature (Table ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacy-based management of influenza: lessons learned from research

Klepser

Adams

2018

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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Recently, several jurisdictions have pursued legislative and regulatory changes to allow pharmacy‐based influenza management models in which pharmacists can initiate appropriate antiviral therapy in community pharmacy settings. While studies have been published in Canada, Japan, New Zealand, Norway and the United States, concerns have been expressed over pharmacist training, the accuracy of rapid influenza diagnostic tests, and the potential impact on antimicrobial resistance, among others. Studies have demonstrated that pharmacists provide safe and effective influenza management, with high rates of patient satisfaction, while maintaining or improving antimicrobial stewardship.

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Community pharmacist‐provided test and treat programs for acute infectious conditions

Koski

Klepser

Koski

et al. 2023

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

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Community pharmacists' roles have expanded in recent years to include offering test and treat programs where they perform testing on Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA)‐waived point‐of‐care testing (POCT) devices to diagnose specific acute infectious conditions, such as influenza and group A streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis, and then potentially prescribe and dispense appropriate antimicrobials. Availability of these services in pharmacies has several benefits, including increased access to care, decreased overutilization of other health care services, and decreased antimicrobial resistance. States have different requirements for collaborative practice agreements and reimbursement for these clinical services in community pharmacies. Several studies have looked at outcomes related to community pharmacies implementing test and treat programs for influenza and/or GAS. Other studies looked at outcomes related to implementing testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 and referring for treatment. Most studies described successful implementation and barriers to integration of these programs into pharmacy workflow. Some studies showed that patients want these services to be offered in community pharmacies and are willing to pay for the services. Data show that these services are cost effective compared to physician provider‐based treatment. Newer CLIA‐waived POCT technology may increase implementation of these services, but studies are needed to evaluate their utility in community pharmacies. Pharmacy schools should implement widespread training on these devices, and research should continue in this area to test the use of newer technology (i.e., multiplexed devices) and their economic impact.

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Utilization of influenza and streptococcal pharyngitis point-of-care testing in the community pharmacy practice setting

Cited by 53 publications

References 6 publications

Point-of-care testing in the pharmacy: how is the field evolving?

Point-of-care testing in the pharmacy: how is the field evolving?

Pharmacy-based management of influenza: lessons learned from research

Community pharmacist‐provided test and treat programs for acute infectious conditions

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