Utilization of ileal digestible amino acids by growing pigs: Effect of dietary lysine concentration on efficiency of lysine retention

Batterham, E. S.; Andersen, L. M.; Baigent, D. R.; White, Edward M.

doi:10.1079/bjn19900011

Cited by 98 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Bunce and King (1969) fed young rats diets widely differing in protein content and observed that the amino acid composition of whole body protein was not constant. Similar results have been reported in growing pigs using diets differing in protein (Campbell et al, 1988;Bikker et al, 1994) or amino acid contents (Batterham et al, 1990;Chung and Baker, 1992b;Gahl et al, 1996). On the other hand, Wei and Fuller (2006) found no effect of a chronic amino acid deficiency on the amino acid composition in mature rats and argued that part of the observed responses may be due to differences in growth rate and body composition, rather than to the amino acid efficiency per se.…”

supporting

confidence: 73%

A sulfur amino acid deficiency changes the amino acid composition of body protein in piglets

Conde-Aguilera

Barea

Floc'H

et al. 2010

Animal

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Experiments carried out to determine the amino acid requirement in growing animals are often based on the premise that the amino acid composition of body protein is constant. However, there are indications that this assumption may not be correct. The objective of this study was to test the effect of feeding piglets a diet deficient or not in total sulfur amino acids (TSAA; Met 1 Cys) on nitrogen retention and amino acid composition of proteins in different body compartments. Six blocks of three pigs each were used in a combined comparative slaughter and nitrogen balance study. One piglet in each block was slaughtered at 42 days of age, whereas the other piglets received a diet deficient or not in TSAA for 19 days and were slaughtered thereafter. Two diets were formulated to provide either 0.20% Met and 0.45% TSAA (on a standardized ileal digestible basis) or 0.46% Met and 0.70% TSAA. Diets were offered approximately 25% below ad libitum intake. At slaughter, the whole animal was divided into carcass, blood, intestines, liver, and the combined head, tail, feet and other organs (HFTO), which were analyzed for nitrogen and amino acid contents. Samples of the longissimus muscle (LM) were analyzed for myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and actin contents. Nitrogen retention was 20% lower in piglets receiving the TSAA-deficient diet (P , 0.01). In these piglets, the nitrogen content in tissue gain was lower in the empty body, carcass, LM and blood (P , 0.05) or tended to be lower in HFTO (P , 0.10), but was not different in the intestines and liver. The Met content in retained protein was lower in the empty body, LM and blood (P , 0.05), and tended to be lower in the carcass (P , 0.10). The Cys content was lower in LM, but higher in blood of piglets receiving the TSAA-deficient diet (P , 0.05). Skeletal muscle appeared to be affected most by the TSAA deficiency. In LM, the Met content in retained protein was reduced by 12% and total Met retention by more than 60%. The MyHC and actin contents in LM were not affected by the TSAA content of the diet. These results show that a deficient TSAA supply affects the amino acid composition of different body proteins. This questions the use of a constant ideal amino acid profile to express dietary amino acid requirements, but also illustrates the plasticity of the animal to cope with nutritional challenges.

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supporting

confidence: 73%

A sulfur amino acid deficiency changes the amino acid composition of body protein in piglets

Conde-Aguilera

Barea

Floc'H

et al. 2010

Animal

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“…Similar results were reported by Batterham et al (1990) and Bikker (1994) for pigs of similar body weight. The requirements in our experiment were 0.55 g apparent ileal digestible lysine per MJ of ME for average daily gain and 0.60 for protein deposition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

The effect of the apparent ileal digestible lysine-to-energy ratio on growth rate and protein deposition in the body of growing pigs fed a wheat-rapeseed diet

Raj¹,

Skiba²,

Weremko³

et al. 2003

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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The experiment was conducted on 20 pigs from 25 to 70 kg body weight (BW) to determine the optimal apparent ileal digestible lysine:metabolizable energy (Lys:ME) ratio in a wheat-rapeseed diet. Gilts (synthetic line 990) were allocated to 4 groups. Group 1 was fed a basal diet containing wheat and rapeseed meal (with 4.4 mM kg -1 glucosinolates), without supplementation with any crystalline amino acids and was lysine deficient. Group 2 consumed a basal diet supplemented with 0.21% L-lysine · HCl, but was still deficient in comparison with the content of other essential amino acids. Group 3 was fed a diet supplemented with 0.42% L-lysine . HCl, 0.018% L-threonine, and 0.015% L-tryptophan. Group 4 received a diet supplemented with 0.65 % L-lysine . HCl and 0.053% DL-methionine to maintain their mutual proportion of 100:32, however the concentration of these amino acids was in excess of the requirement. Supplementation of crystalline lysine to the basal diet was designed to contain a differential Lys:ME ratio: 0.34 (diet 1), 0.47 (diet 2), 0.59 (diet 3), and 0.71 g MJ -1 (diet 4). The apparent digestibility of amino acids in wheat and rapeseed meal was determined in a separate experiment with surgically modified pigs. All diets were isoproteino (193 g kg -1 DM) and isoenergetic (14.5 MJ kg -1 DM). The methionine, threonine and tryptophan contents were close to the recommendations of CVB (1995) or were given in excess.The gain of chemical body components was determined using the comparative slaughter method. The animal body weight gain and protein deposition in the body were taken as the response criteria. Daily weight gain increased (P < 0.05) from 673 to 808 g along with the Lys:ME ratio increasing from 0.34 to 0.59 g MJ -1. Daily protein deposition also increased (from 98 up to 133 g; P < 0.05). However, increasing the Lys:ME ratio from 0.59 to 0.71g MJ -1 did not increase daily gain or protein deposition.1 Corresponding author: e-mail: s.raj@ifzz.pan.pl ILEAL DIGESTIBLE CEREAL-RAPESEED LYSINE IN PIGSThese results indicate that the optimal Lys:ME ratio in diets containing wheat and rapeseed meal and supplemented with crystalline lysine was 0.55 g MJ -1 when referred to growth rate or 0.60 g MJ -1 if daily protein deposition in the body was considered.

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“…Carcass threonine concentration in pigs fed the 5.3 g of threonine kg-r diet was higher (P < 0.05) than that of pigs fed 4.65 g of threonine kg-l diet; which in turn was higher (P < 0.05) than that of pigs fed 4 g of threonine kg-I diet. Glycine concentration of carcass protein was lower (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the 5.3 g of threonine kg-r diet than in those fed either 4.65 or 4 g of threonine kg-l diet ( The gross efficiency of carcass lysine deposition (72Vo) would appear to be less than the values of 83 and 867o reported for rats (Bolton and Miller 1985) and pigs (Batterham et al 1990), respectively. In these two studies, the response was also linear.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Dietary lysine and threonine utilization by young pigs: Efficiency for carcass growth

Adeola¹

1995

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Iletary tyslne retention, a basal diet was formulated to contain 6 g of lysine kg-1. Twelve pigs were fed the basal diet supplemented with LJysine.HCl to contain 6, 7 , or 8 g of lysine kg-1. Daily weight gain and gain:feed ratio were higher (P < 0.05) for pigs fed 8 g of lysine than for pigs fed 6 g of lysine kg-l diet. The accretion rates of dry rnatter, protein, ash, and lysine in the carcass were trigtrer ior pigs fed S g of tysinJttran for pigs fed 6 g of lysine kg-l diet. A linear regression of daily carcass lysine accretion on aaily lysine intake resulted inaT2Va effi-iency of carcass lysine accretion above maintenance. In the second experiment, three dieti including a basal diet formulated to contain 4 g of threonine kg-1 and supplemented with L-threonine to contain 4, 4.65' or 5.3 g of threonine kg-1 were fed to 12 pigs. Rate and efficiency of body weight gain exhibited a dose-response improvement (P < 0.05) to an increase in dietary threonini.-C*.urr protein, ash, and threonine accretion rates were higher (P < 0.05) for pigs fed 5.3 g of threonine than those fed 4 g of threonine kg-1 diet. Linear regression of daily carcass threonine accretion on daily threonine intake resulted in extra-maintenance efficiency of threonine retention of 6OVo. The efficiencies of dietary lysine and threonine utilization for carcass growth in pigs within the liveweight range of 10-20 kg are 72 and 6OVo, respectively'

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Utilization of ileal digestible amino acids by growing pigs: Effect of dietary lysine concentration on efficiency of lysine retention

Cited by 98 publications

References 11 publications

A sulfur amino acid deficiency changes the amino acid composition of body protein in piglets

A sulfur amino acid deficiency changes the amino acid composition of body protein in piglets

The effect of the apparent ileal digestible lysine-to-energy ratio on growth rate and protein deposition in the body of growing pigs fed a wheat-rapeseed diet

Dietary lysine and threonine utilization by young pigs: Efficiency for carcass growth

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