“…In order to calibrate and validate all the data-driven models, the data set of 97 soaked CBR tests is retrieved from the literature. This includes 4 cases reported by Duncan-Williams and Attoh-Okine (2008), 30 cases reported by Vinod and Minu (2010), 16 cases reported by Choudhary et al (2011), 2 cases reported by Kuity and Roy (2013), 4 cases each reported by Carlos et al (2016) and Rajesh et al (2016), 9 cases by Shukla (2018, 2019) and 28 cases by Negi and Singh (2019). The reliability of a model depends upon the comprehensiveness of the input data set.…”
Section: Experimental Database Development and Model Attributesmentioning
In the recent times, the use of geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) technology has become popular for constructing safe and sustainable pavement structures. The strength of the subgrade soil is routinely assessed in terms of its California bearing ratio (CBR). However, in the past, no effort was made to develop a method for evaluating the CBR of the reinforced subgrade soil. The main aim of this paper is to explore and appraise the competency of the several intelligent models such as artificial neural network (ANN), least median of squares regression, Gaussian processes regression, elastic net regularisation regression, lazy K-star, M-5 model trees, alternating model trees and random forest in estimating the CBR of reinforced soil. For this, all the models were calibrated and validated using the reliable pertinent historical data. The prognostic veracity of all the tools mentioned supra were assessed using the well-established traditional statistical indices, external model evaluation technique, multi-criteria assessment approach and independent experimental dataset. Due to the overall excellent performance of ANN, the model was converted into a trackable functional relationship to estimate the CBR of reinforced soil. Finally, the sensitivity analysis was performed to find the strength and relationship of the used parameters on the CBR value.
“…In order to calibrate and validate all the data-driven models, the data set of 97 soaked CBR tests is retrieved from the literature. This includes 4 cases reported by Duncan-Williams and Attoh-Okine (2008), 30 cases reported by Vinod and Minu (2010), 16 cases reported by Choudhary et al (2011), 2 cases reported by Kuity and Roy (2013), 4 cases each reported by Carlos et al (2016) and Rajesh et al (2016), 9 cases by Shukla (2018, 2019) and 28 cases by Negi and Singh (2019). The reliability of a model depends upon the comprehensiveness of the input data set.…”
Section: Experimental Database Development and Model Attributesmentioning
In the recent times, the use of geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) technology has become popular for constructing safe and sustainable pavement structures. The strength of the subgrade soil is routinely assessed in terms of its California bearing ratio (CBR). However, in the past, no effort was made to develop a method for evaluating the CBR of the reinforced subgrade soil. The main aim of this paper is to explore and appraise the competency of the several intelligent models such as artificial neural network (ANN), least median of squares regression, Gaussian processes regression, elastic net regularisation regression, lazy K-star, M-5 model trees, alternating model trees and random forest in estimating the CBR of reinforced soil. For this, all the models were calibrated and validated using the reliable pertinent historical data. The prognostic veracity of all the tools mentioned supra were assessed using the well-established traditional statistical indices, external model evaluation technique, multi-criteria assessment approach and independent experimental dataset. Due to the overall excellent performance of ANN, the model was converted into a trackable functional relationship to estimate the CBR of reinforced soil. Finally, the sensitivity analysis was performed to find the strength and relationship of the used parameters on the CBR value.
“…The effect of Lime [5], the effect of Fly Ash [6], [7], the effect of Cement [8], [9] have been studied by the researchers to find the variation in the properties of soils with different percentages of these stabilizing materials. Also, the non-conventional materials like Plastic Strips [10], Rice Husk Ash [11], Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) [12] have been studied. These researchers have studied the effect of stabilizers on the properties of soil like Unconfined Compressive Strength, California Bearing Ratio, Free Swell Index, Compaction Properties, etc.…”
“…Ambika et al (2013) [13] conceded that the soil-pondash mix gives better strength than the soil-rice husk ash mix. This is valid for both unsoaked and soaked CBR.…”
Silt soil cannot satisfy the requirements of highway construction because of its low strength. A new stabilizer from waste aluminum industry is developed (aluminum chops (AC) and wires (AW)) to evaluate the effect of reinforcing the subgrade with low-cost by-product materials on its mechanical and durability characteristics. Laboratory tests, including modified proctor compaction, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and CBR are developed to evaluate the mechanical properties. The durability properties are investigated by studying the influence of environmental conditions such as water immersion effect on compressive strength, mass loss after freezing and thawing cycles, water absorption by capillarity and wetting-drying durability. Moreover, a practical application about the base course thickness saving and its economically viable as well as correlations between mechanical properties are investigated. The results indicated that the aluminium fiber can effectively improve the mechanical and durability characteristics of silt subgrade where the increase in aluminum chops grade leads to improve the majority properties. While aluminum wires of 2.0 cm length produces reduction in CBR and compressive strength compared to smaller length. Stabilization with aluminium fiber has a remarkable influence in reducing the base course thickness (especially at using 4% of AW1.0) and increasing the construction cost saving (especially at using 1% of AW1.0).
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