Utilization of fly ash as engineering pellet aggregates

Recycling ground granulated blast furnace slag as cold bonded artificial aggregate partially used in self-compacting concrete

“…After the dry powder mixture of about 10-13 kg was fed into the pan, the disc was rotated at a constant speed to assure the homogeneity of the mixture. The amount of sprayed water used during pelletization process has been determined as the coagulant to form spherical pellets with the motion of rolling disc [2,3,7,8,11,26]. The optimum water content required for each type of powder was determined according to ASTM D2216-10 [27].…”

“…Therefore, use of FA or GGBFS in manufacturing artificial aggregate might be a feasible way in recycling of such waste materials. Cold bonding, autoclaving or sintering procedures are the most commonly applied techniques for manufacturing artificial aggregates [2,3,[7][8][9]. Although general inclination of these studies highlights the production of artificial aggregates by sintering up to 1200 • C, the energy saving concern has led the researchers to utilize cold-bonding process for production of artificial aggregates.…”

“…Production of artificial aggregate appears as a promising alternative to recycle some industrial by products. Utilization of industrial waste materials such as, fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) in production of artificial aggregate has been practiced by some researchers [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Since the aggregates are the main volumetric component of concrete due to occupation of 65-75% of total concrete volume, it can be considered as an effective way to use such waste materials as aggregate in concrete.…”

Development and incorporation of lightweight waste-based geopolymer aggregates in mortar and concrete

“…To save natural raw materials, prevent damaging mining activities, and increase waste utilization, there has been a great deal of research on manufacturing artificial LWAs from industrial side streams. The most common methods for producing artificial LWAs from industrial waste are high-temperature sintering [3][4][5][6][7] and cement-based pelletization [8][9][10][11][12].…”

The Impact of Artificial Lightweight Aggregate on the Engineering Features of Geopolymer Mortar

“…Growing demand for using lightweight mortar also causes a requirement for lightweight aggregate, which can be natural or artificial. There are three common methods for the production of A-LWAs by utilizing the waste materials; sintering, autoclaving, and cold bonding techniques [30][31][32][33]. Among these methods, the cold bonding pelletization needs the minimum energy consumption for the manufacturing of the aggregates, which are in the spherical particle forms attained by using a rotating disc at an inclined angle [30][31][32].…”