Utilization of fly ash acid residue as a reinforcing filler in ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber

Abstract

Fly ash acid residue (FAAR), a by‐product of circulating fluidized bed fly ash extracted Al2O3 by acid leaching method, has been posing problems because of its disposal. The major chemical components of FAAR are amorphous SiO2 (66.38 wt %) and unburned carbon (20 wt %). Attempts were made for its application as a reinforcing filler for ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber in this article. Surface modification for FAAR by silane coupling agent (Si69) was carried out. The effect of surface modification and unburned carbon existing in FAAR on the performance of FAAR was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and dispersibility test. The results indicated that surface modification could reduce the hydrophilicity of FAAR and unburned carbon also had positive effect on the dispersion of FAAR particles in kerosene. The effect of partial replacement of carbon black by FAAR on the curing behavior, mechanical properties, and morphological characteristics of EPDM rubber was also studied. It was proved that with partial replacement of carbon black by FAAR, the cure time (t90) and maximum torque (MH) of EPDM composites increased with the content of FAAR. The mechanical properties were significantly improved when 15 wt % of carbon black was replaced by FAAR. SEM micrographs confirmed that surface modification can improve the compatibility between FAAR and rubber matrix. Unburned carbon existing in FAAR was also beneficial to the interface bonding. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013

Mechanical and nonisothermal crystallization properties of coal gasification fine slag glass bead‐filled polypropylene composites

“…CGFSGB‐A was fully compatible with the water, demonstrating that surface activation by HCl did not change the polar and hydrophilic properties of the CGFSGB. In summary, according to polarity theory, nonpolar substances are compatible with nonpolar substances, and polar substances are compatible with polar substances, so the apolar and hydrophobic CGFSGB‐S particles will be compatible with the apolar PP matrix through surface wettability analysis …”

“…The content of the silane coupling agent (KH570) was chosen based on particle dispersion analysis . Approximately 200.00 g of desiccated CGFSGB was functionalized with 3 wt % (6 g) KH570 according to the mass of CGFSGB in a high‐speed mixer (model RHP‐250 A; Ronghao Industrial and Commercial Trading Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China) under continuous high‐speed stirring for 1 h at a wall temperature of 110–130 °C.…”

“…The content of the silane coupling agent (KH570) was chosen based on particle dispersion analysis. 22 Approximately 200.00 g of desiccated CGFSGB was functionalized with 3 wt % (6 g) KH570 according to the mass of CGFSGB in a high-speed mixer (model RHP-250 A; Ronghao Industrial and Commercial Trading Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China) under continuous high-speed stirring for 1 h at a wall temperature of 110-130 C. The KH570 was added by constant spray, which was hydrolyzed in a 40 mL mixture of ethanol (AR) and water (volume ratio 17:3) under ultrasound conditions for 30 min. Then, the mixture was statically heated for 20 min to allow the modification reaction to occur fully and then cooled to room temperature.…”

“…Efforts have been made to prepare valuable products by filling industrial solid waste into polymer materials . The chemical composition of CGFS is similar to that of fly ash, but the good crystalline structure leads to low activity of fly ash . Modification by silane coupling agents and acid treatment can increase the compatibility between the polymer and fly ash .…”

“…22 Modification by silane coupling agents and acid treatment can increase the compatibility between the polymer and fly ash. 22 CGFS glass beads (CGFSGB) can be extracted from CGFS. CGFS has been applied in low-density polyethylene, 23 but the application of CGFSGB has not yet been reported.…”