Utilization of esterified sago bark fibre waste for removal of oil from palm oil mill effluent

Abstract

With oil and grease content of 4000-8000 mg/l in palm oil mill effluent (POME), the commonly used ponding system often fails to produce treated effluent that meets the minimum standard of treated effluent. The present study investigates the efficiency of sago bark (SB) and esterified sago bark (ESB) for removal of emulsified oil from POME. Oil removal experiments were conducted at different batch experimental conditions: namely adsorbent dosage, contact time, temperature and pH. In overall, the oil removal efficiency of both SB and ESB increased with the increasing of sorbent dosage and contact time. 24-h oil adsorption test afforded oil removal efficiency of 57.77% (SB) and 80.23% (ESB).On the other hand, the oil removal efficiency of both SB and ESB decreased with the increasing temperature. Acidic pH was favorable pH condition for high oil removal efficiency in POME. There was a good correlation (R2 > 9.5) between experimental data and the intra-particle diffusion model for both SB and ESB. The adsorption of oil in POME using SB was best described by Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.998), indicating heterolayer adsorption of oil on SB. The adsorption of oil in POME using ESB was better represented using Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.992), indicating a monolayer adsorption of oil onto the ESB surface. In conclusion, ESB showed better potential for use as sorbent for removing emulsified oil from wastewater, particularly POME.

Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil, Its By-Products, and Mill Effluent: A Review

“…Most of the palm oil factories use conventional ponding systems to treat POME that requires a long treatment period and a large area. Instead of being left in the pond, POME could become an attractive natural source for biodiesel production since the oil concentration in POME ranges between 4000 and 8000 mg/L [143][144][145]. Although those wastes can be efficiently treated by available treatment technologies to meet the standard discharge limits, it also can be used as a cheaper raw material for producing biodiesel together with the importance of highlighting the global sustainability challenges.…”

Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Membrane Bioreactor: Novel Processes and Their Major Drawbacks

“…As a result of these special features, the applications of adsorbents for POME decolourization and polishing have received a lot of attention. On a general overview, adsorbents have recorded a credible performance in decolourization of POME with removal efficiency ranging from 80 to 99.9% and also improves the membrane fouling condition under optimal process conditions [180,181]. Yuniarto et al [18] operated a submerged AerMBR under aeration condition comparing the treatment with and without adsorbents.…”

“…This could be due to considerable deterioration of pollutants by the adsorbent (AC) prior to the membrane filtration treatment. Hence, the adsorptive process as pretreatment reduces the number of contaminants present in mixed liquor and so relegate pores blockage initiation and the propensity of biofilm formation [18,47,180,181]. However, AC requires chemical treatment, such as the use of buffer solution to vary the pH level [182] for good adsorption during treatment, and this practices often lead to the formation of acidic or basic permeate [183] which is hazardous to the environment if discharged without further treatments.…”

Characteristics of sago pith and sago bark waste from Seram Island, Maluku, Indonesia

“…SPW is dominated by parenchyma cells. Meanwhile, SBW is the outer part of a stricter sago stem (Wahi et al 2017) or peripheral parts which are dominated by sclereid cells. The B I OD I V E R S I TA S 20 (12): 3517-3526, December 2019 3518 purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of sago waste, i.e., sago pith waste (SPW) and sago bark waste (SBW).…”