Utilization of dietary nucleic acid purines for nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis in the mouse

Burridge, Philip W.; Woods, Robin A.; Henderson, J. Frank

doi:10.1139/o76-072

Cited by 46 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The mechanism(s) by which dietary NT affects the intestine is not well understood at present. Previous investigations in animals suggested that most of the absorbed NT and bases are rapidly degraded within the enterocytes (Sonoda & Tatibana, ), but a few may be incorporated into the tissue pools, primarily into the small intestine (Burridge, Woods, & Henderson, ; Saviano & Clifford, ). The beneficial effects of NT on the intestine might be due to the energetic contribution of inosine to mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), which is a very important immune organ, although the knowledge on MALT in aquatic animals is very limited (Hossain, Koshio, Ishikawa, Yokoyama, & Sony et al., ; Li & Gatlin, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary nucleotide-rich yeast supplementation improves growth, innate immunity and intestinal morphology of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary nucleotide (NT)‐rich yeast supplementation on growth, innate immunity and intestinal morphology in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic practical diets were formulated to contain 0 (control), 10, 30 and 50 g/kg of NT‐rich yeast, respectively. A total of 480 shrimp with an average initial body weight of 1.86 ± 0.02 g were randomly allocated into four groups, with four replicates per group and 30 shrimp each replicate. The results indicated that shrimp fed the diet containing 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast had significantly higher weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) than those fed the control diet, and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in the shrimp fed the 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast supplemental diet. However, there was no significant difference in survival among all treatments. The crude protein of whole shrimp in the 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast group was higher than that in the control group. Total protein, triglyceride concentrations, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum were significantly influenced by the dietary NT‐rich yeast supplementation. The activities of serum phenoloxidase (PO) and lysozyme (LZM) of shrimp fed the diet containing 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast were higher than those in shrimp fed the other diets. Relative expressions of alp and lzm significantly upregulated in the 30 g/kg NT‐rich yeast group compared to the control group. The intestinal fold height and fold width in the 30 g/kg NT‐rich yeast group were significantly higher than those fed the control diet; and the highest microvillus height occurred in the shrimp fed the 50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast diet. In summary, dietary 30–50 g/kg NT‐rich yeast supplementation promotes growth performance, enhances innate immunity and improves intestinal morphology of Litopenaeus vannamei.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary nucleotide-rich yeast supplementation improves growth, innate immunity and intestinal morphology of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Exogenous supplementation of RNA and nucleotides has been considered to be not essential for normal individuals based on previous dietary studies (4,14,15). Cells with rapid turnover, such as mucosal cells or lymphocytes, have been assumed to be provided with the necessary amounts of purines or pyrimidines from other tissues, such as the liver, via the de novo synthesis pathways (4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA/Nucleotide Enhances Antibody Production In Vitro and Is Moderately Mitogenic to Murine Spleen Lymphocytes

Jyonouchi

Hill

Good

1992

Experimental Biology and Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Suppression of immune functions was demonstrated in both humans and animals when exogenous RNA was eliminated from the diet. However, direct actions of RNA/nucleotide on the immune system are virtually unknown. Thus, in this study, we explored effects of RNA and nucleotide on lymphocyte functions in vitro. Yeast whole RNA, which is free of endotoxin, was supplemented to culture media, and changes in mitogen responses, thymocyte proliferation, or in vitro antibody production by murine spleen lymphocytes were analyzed. Yeast whole RNA potentiated the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes and it also strikingly enhanced in vitro antibody production in response to sheep red blood cells at least 10-fold. However, it did not potentiate the proliferation of thymocytes (immature lymphocytes). These enhancing activities of yeast RNA were significantly reduced by RNAse treatment, but not by treatments with DNAse or polymyxin B. Certain mononucleotides exhibited less, but similar, action on murine spleen lymphocytes. The whole yeast RNA employed was already degraded to small nucleotide (less than 1 kb). Therefore, it may be suggested that certain components of RNA degraders can function as powerful immunomodulators, indicating that exogenous RNA or nucleotide may be important in facilitating immune responses under certain circumstances.

show abstract

“…Despite extensive catabolism, tracer studies in animals indicate that only 2-5% of dietary nucleotides are incorporated into tissue pools, primarily within the small intestine, liver, and skeletal muscle [Burridge et al, 1976]. Incorporation into tissues is reportedly increased at younger ages.…”

Section: Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Considerations of DNA in Food

Jonas¹,

et al. 2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recombinant DNA techniques are capable of introducing genetic changes into food organisms that are more predictable than those introduced through conventional breeding techniques. This review discusses whether the consumption of DNA in approved novel foods and novel food ingredients derived from genetically modified organisms (GMOs) can be regarded as being as safe as the consumption of DNA in existing foods. It concludes that DNA from GMOs is equivalent to DNA from existing food organisms that has always been consumed with human diets. Any risks associated with the consumption of DNA will remain, irrespective of its origin, because the body handles all DNA in the same way. The breakdown of DNA during food processing and passage through the gastrointestinal tract reduces the likelihood that intact genes capable of encoding foreign proteins will be transferred to gut microflora. The review does not specifically address food safety issues arising from the consumption of viable genetically modified microorganisms but it shows that the likelihood of transfer and functional integration of DNA from ingested food by gut microflora and/or human cells is minimal. Information reviewed does not indicate any safety concerns associated with the ingestion of DNA per se from GMOs resulting from the use of currently available recombinant DNA techniques in the food chain.

show abstract

Utilization of dietary nucleic acid purines for nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis in the mouse

Cited by 46 publications

References 1 publication

Dietary nucleotide-rich yeast supplementation improves growth, innate immunity and intestinal morphology of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Dietary nucleotide-rich yeast supplementation improves growth, innate immunity and intestinal morphology of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

RNA/Nucleotide Enhances Antibody Production In Vitro and Is Moderately Mitogenic to Murine Spleen Lymphocytes

Safety Considerations of DNA in Food

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About