Utilization of Diaphragma juglandis extract as a natural antioxidant for improving the oxidative stability of soybean oil during deep frying

Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Walnut Septum: A Systematic Review

“…The phytochemical composition of walnut septum was examined in 13 out of the 28 studies selected for this review. Five of these provided quantitative determination results that could be analyzed and compared in our study [ 24 , 27 , 32 , 37 , 40 ] ( Table 2 ).…”

“…Most of the reviewed studies reported the usage of WS in powder form, following the preparatory grinding of plant material. The extractions were conducted in ethanol [ 20 , 22 , 38 , 40 ] or methanol [ 26 , 27 , 32 ] at various concentrations, as well as in solvent mixes such as acetone:water [ 24 ], acetone:acetonitrile [ 25 ], and acetone:cyclohexane [ 27 ]. The extraction methods were generally based on ultra-turrax homogenization and stirring [ 24 ], vibrating [ 25 ], ultrasonic extraction [ 26 , 27 , 37 ], condensation and reflux, or enzyme-assisted extraction [ 32 ], then centrifugation, solvent evaporation, and lyophilization.…”

“…The reviewed studies used various chromatographic techniques for identifying phenolic compounds: liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [ 24 ], liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) [ 32 ], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [ 20 , 22 , 26 , 37 , 38 ], or ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) differently equipped: UPLC-MS (17), UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry HRMS [ 27 ], or UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS [ 40 ].…”

“…In the selected studies, the following hydroxybenzoic acids were analyzed: benzoic acid [ 40 ], p-hydroxybenzoic acid [ 22 , 32 , 40 ], 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-hydroxybenzoic acid [ 40 ], p-coumaroylquinic acid [ 26 , 32 ], ellagic acid [ 26 , 27 , 32 ], gallic acid [ 22 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 40 ] gentisic acid [ 24 ], protocatechuic acid [ 22 , 24 , 27 , 32 ], syringic acid [ 24 , 32 , 40 ], and vanillic acid [ 22 , 24 , 25 , 40 ] ( Table 2 ).…”

“…Gallic acid was quantitatively assessed in three investigations [ 24 , 27 , 40 ] with comparable results. In one research [ 24 ], gallic acid was found in a significantly higher concentration (79.58 µg/g dw) compared to other detected phenolic acids (protocatechuic, syringic, and vanillic acids).…”