Utilization of constructed wetland for the removal of heavy metal through fly ash bricks manufactured using harvested plant biomass

Abstract

Heavy metal removal by constructed wetland (CWs) is becoming the most efficient and greener technology around the world where plants are used in phytoremediation to degrade, stabilize and remove contaminants from soils, water and waste. The design of CWs for successful phytoremediation in heavy metals contaminated wastewater should not affect the local environment. By‐product generation is another crucial part of phytoremediation's success. In the study, phytoremediation plants (Canna indica and Acorus calamus) biomass has been successfully used in the manufacture of 70 fly‐ash bricks. Further, these bricks are used for CWs to see the efficiency in removing heavy metals pollution. Results found that high rates of Cu (96 %), Zn (95 %), (Fe 93) and Cr (91 %) removal from Canna indica and Acorus calamus were found as compared to the Typha latifoliya, Myriophylhum aquaticum, Ludwigina palustris, Eichhornia crassipes, Schoenoplectus californicus, Cyperus papyrus and Phragmites australis reported by others global researchers which indicates C. indica is the high potential for heavy metal removal and can be strongly used for industrial wastewater. The use of ornamental plants for phytoremediation of contaminated sewage wastewater would also change the landscape of the aquatic environment. This study summarizes viable avenues in the method of using phytoremediation plant biomass for environmental protection and sustainable environmental management.

Traditional Uses and Ethno-Medicinal Plants: Insights From the Korba District of Chhattisgarh, India

“…The utilization of medicinal plants provides practically all of the indigenous Baigas people's healthcare needs. The utilization of ethno-medicinal plants, which significantly contribute to human health, is one of the most important and significant ways that people directly benefit from biodiversity (Kumar et al, 2017d;Bijalwan et al, 2017Bijalwan et al, , 2019Kumar et al, 2021;Barya et al, 2022;Pandey et al, 2022;Rawat et al, 2022;Thakur et al, 2022a,b,c;Thakur et al, 2023). In most cases, they treat diseases that are common in the region, such as malaria, jaundice, fractures, coughs, stomach pains, dysentery, diarrhea, ringworm skin disease and many more.…”

“…The structure of vegetation enables to devise suitable management practices to obtain higher rate of volume growth/ biomass production and also to achieve maximum economic returns per unit area within a given period. In view of the above, the importance of structural inputs for ecosystem analysis at different spatial scales have been well recognized and employed in several studies Darro et al, 2021;Thakur et al, 2022).…”

Integrated Phytobial Remediation of Dissolved Pollutants from Domestic Wastewater through Constructed Wetlands: An Interactive Macrophyte-Microbe-Based Green and Low-Cost Decontamination Technology with Prospective Resource Recovery

“…As a low level of contaminating inorganics remains in the soil after harvest, the process of growth and harvest usually needs to be repeated via several rounds of cropping to achieve considerable clean-up [54]. Some researchers have reported on the phyto-management of the biomass of ornamental plants used in composting compaction, biogas production, mat making, and fly ash brick production [58].…”

“…CWs are artificially engineered secondary treatment systems designed with ecological principles of the natural processes of soils, wetland vegetation, and associated microbial assemblies to remove BOD, COD, N, and P, among others [58,88,89]. CW systems are utilized for treating domestic wastewater, greywater, industrial wastewater, agricultural run-offs, stormwater run-offs, mining wastewater, and landfill leachates [90].…”

Valuation and effective management of the Dal Lake's diverse ecosystem using choice experiment method

“…Consequent to wanton industrialization and demographic shifts, the relative scarcity of land has exponentially increased anthropogenic stress on wetland ecosystems, consequently leading to the conversion of wetlands and drastically reducing their overall carrying capacity (Wood & Halsema, 2008). These wetlands are silted, filled or often reclaimed for alternative uses leading to considerable alteration of wetland habitats and a reduction in their potential toprovide ecological and economic security for the people dependent on their resources (Verma, et al, 2001; Barya et al, 2022). Globally, more than 85% of wetlands have been lost during the last 300 years pushing over extreme weather and floral‐faunal extinction; now, the rate of wetland loss is three times faster than the forest loss (Xu et al, 2019; IPBES, 2019).…”