Utilization of Carrot Pomace to Grow Mealworm Larvae (Tenebrio molitor)

Rovai, Dominic; Ortgies, Maxwell; Amin, Samir; Kuwahara, S.; Schwartz, Gregory William; Lesniauskas, Ruta; Garza, Jeff; Lammert, Amy

doi:10.3390/su13169341

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The reduced sensory results of the insect products principally agree with their color values, mainly the lower lightness and redness and the higher yellowness results. Different studies support our sensory results [ 28 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. For example, Choi et al [ 28 ] presented that frankfurters with increasing amounts of T. molitor showed reduced color, flavor, and overall acceptability results.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…We used whole larvae, whereas many other authors used dried or otherwise heated insect larvae, which clearly has an impact on the proximate composition results of the insects [ 6 ]. Besides this, fat and protein concentration are also influenced by factors such as the species, age, or feeding of the insects [ 7 , 10 , 11 , 20 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Due to this, already published data on the protein and fat composition of H. illucens and T. molitor are quite variable.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several publications presented only the nutrient composition related to the dry matter, e.g., [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 42 , 44 , 45 ]. Considering different publications that presented the protein and fat content of the whole insects and after recalculation of published data to the whole insect nutrient composition (considering dry matters for T. molitor of 37% to 39% and H. illucens of 28% to 33%), whole larvae of T. molitor consist of 16.6% to 20.5% protein and 8.2% to 14.1% fat [ 8 , 9 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 46 ]. Whole larvae of H. illucens consist of 9.1% to 14.4% protein and 10.2% to 12.3% fat [ 10 , 11 , 29 , 44 , 45 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of the Addition of Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens on the Physicochemical and Sensory Quality of Cooked Meat Products

Lemke,

Siekmann,

Grabowski

et al. 2023

Insects

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The use of proteins from insects, plants, microalgae, fungi or bacteria as an alternative to proteins of animal origin such as meat, fish, eggs or milk can meet the worldwide protein demand in the future. As the consumption of whole insects might be problematic or unacceptable for many consumers, especially in European countries, the use of homogenized insects or protein extracts from insects for the production of products might be a possibility to overcome general acceptability problems. However, the quality criteria of these products have to be comparable with consumers’ expectations with regard to known products. Therefore, in the present study, we produced a meat product, replaced 10% and 20% of the pork with homogenized larvae of Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens, and determined different physicochemical and sensory parameters at production and during modified atmosphere storage for 21 days. Additionally, the alteration of different bacteria species during this storage was analyzed in challenge tests. After production, the addition of insects resulted in higher cooking losses and pH values in the products with 20% insects, higher pH and yellowness, lower lightness, protein and hardness results in the Hermetia products, as well as higher yellowness and lower protein and hardness values in the cooked meat products with Tenebrio molitor. During modified atmosphere storage, the color differences principally remained, whereas the concentrations of inoculated Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli were not influenced by the addition of insects to the cooked meat products. The sensory results of the insect products, especially at higher concentrations and with Hermetia illucens, worsened during modified atmosphere storage. The addition of homogenized insect larvae, especially at higher concentrations and particularly of Hermetia illucens, influences different physicochemical and sensory parameters of the cooked meat products.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of the Addition of Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens on the Physicochemical and Sensory Quality of Cooked Meat Products

Lemke,

Siekmann,

Grabowski

et al. 2023

Insects

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“…The balancing of the protein and carbohydrate content, with incomplete nutrition, was proven in locusts ( Locusta migratoria L., Orthoptera: Acrididae) [ 5 ]. Different studies have examined the use of agricultural by-products [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], fish discards [ 13 ] and organic waste [ 14 ] as insect food and the effects on larval chemical composition. Researchers concluded that it is possible to rear mealworm larvae on food by-products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Selection of Feeding Substrates by Tenebrio molitor Larvae of Different Ages to Determine Optimal Macronutrient Intake and the Influence on Larval Growth and Protein Content

Kröncke

Benning

2022

Insects

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Nutrient self-selection was used to determine the optimal uptake of macronutrients by the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae. The selection study consisted of four combinations of eight pelleted substrates from a total choice of 25, available to the larvae in a multiple-choice arena. In order to be able to determine the nutrient requirements as a function of the larvae age, six, eight and tenweekold larvae were used for the experiment. The larvae were free to choose between the different feeds for a period of two weeks. Rearing took place at 27 °C, 75% relative humidity and under dark conditions. The optimal ratios of macronutrients were 67.3 to 71.5% for carbohydrates, 19.9 to 22.8% for proteins and 8.6 to 10.0% for lipids to ensure the best results. Biomass growth, food intake and conversion were positively influenced to a significant extent by carbohydrate intake. The protein content, too, varied according to the macronutrient intake and substrate composition; a higher protein consumption increased the larval protein content. Wheat bran and flour, oat bran and flakes, maize hulls, lupine flour and potato flakes, in particular, were considered suitable substrates for the feeding and rearing of Tenebrio molitor larvae and highlighted that these larvae preferred a grain-based diet.

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“…The global production of carrot pomace was around 45 million tons in 2019. Carrot pomace (CP), which comprises a significant portion of carrot, is discarded during the industrial juice extraction process [3]. CP contains various biopolymers including cellulose (10-28%), hemicellulose (5-20%), lignin (2.5-7.7%), and pectin (2-8%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioconversion of Carrot Pomace to Value-Added Products: Rhizopus delemar Fungal Biomass and Cellulose

et al. 2023

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Carrot pomace (CP) which is generated in a large volume in the juice production process, is rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, sugars, pectin, and minerals. However, in many previous investigations, only cellulose was purified and utilized while other components of CP were discarded as waste. Here, CP was valorized into fungal biomass and cellulose with the aim of utilizing all the CP components. Enzymatic pretreatments were applied to solubilize the digestible fraction of CP including hemicellulose, pectin, sucrose, and other sugars for fungal cultivation, while cellulose remained intact in the solid fraction. The dissolved fraction was utilized as a substrate for the cultivation of an edible fungus (Rhizopus delemar). Fungal cultivation was performed in shake flasks and bench-scale bioreactors. The highest fungal biomass concentration was obtained after pretreatment with invertase (5.01 g/L) after 72 h of cultivation (36 and 42% higher than the concentrations obtained after hemicellulase and pectinase treatments, respectively). Invertase pretreatment resulted in the hydrolysis of sucrose, which could then be taken up by the fungus. Carbohydrate analysis showed 28–33% glucan, 4.1–4.9% other polysaccharides, 0.01% lignin, and 2.7–7% ash in the CP residues after enzymatic pretreatment. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis also confirmed the presence of cellulose in this fraction. The obtained fungal biomass has a high potential for food or feed applications, or as a raw material for the development of biomaterials. Cellulose could be purified from the solid fraction and used for applications such as biobased-textiles or membranes for wastewater treatment, where pure cellulose is needed.

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Utilization of Carrot Pomace to Grow Mealworm Larvae (Tenebrio molitor)

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Impact of the Addition of Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens on the Physicochemical and Sensory Quality of Cooked Meat Products

Impact of the Addition of Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens on the Physicochemical and Sensory Quality of Cooked Meat Products

Self-Selection of Feeding Substrates by Tenebrio molitor Larvae of Different Ages to Determine Optimal Macronutrient Intake and the Influence on Larval Growth and Protein Content

Bioconversion of Carrot Pomace to Value-Added Products: Rhizopus delemar Fungal Biomass and Cellulose

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