“…On account of the large body of seawater, desalination is considered a promising solution. , In light of the low cost of solar irradiation, solar desalination − represents an attractive strategy, complementing reverse osmosis, vacuum-enhanced evaporation–condensation, and capacitive desalination that require expensive forms of energy (e.g., pressure or electricity) and have a high environmental impact . Recently, many materials have shown the capability of solar desalination, including plasmonic nanostructures, − polymer gels, − porous carbon fibers, graphene, , graphene oxide, , graphene/alginate hydrogel, carbon black, and carbon foams in suspension, floating, , or contactless mode. However, compared to Nature’s uncanny craftsmanship, we must deepen our understanding of water transport, confinement, and vaporization to build systems on par with or better than biological systems.…”