Utilization of biopesticides as sustainable solutions for management of pests in legume crops: achievements and prospects

Abstract

Grain legumes remain important to meet the projected targets relating to food and nutritional security worldwide. The complementation of cereal-based food with grain legumes is a vegetarian diet with high-quality protein.However, the performance of these crops is severely influenced by a number of biotic and abiotic stresses, of which pests and pathogens remain the crucial affecting plants at different growth stages. Chemical pesticides are mainly employed across the world for management of pests and pathogens. The risk associated with the environmental pollution and health hazards to man, plants, domestic animals, and wild life makes these pesticides ecologically unacceptable. Also, major damage caused by pests of grain legumes are systemic in nature, and their management through chemicals often yields unsatisfactory outcome. This has led to increasing shift in the attention of scientific community towards eco-friendly and safer technologies for pest management in legumes. Sustainable protection demands implementation of strategies that rely upon biological control agents (BCAs) and their formulations. In recent years, such formulations have been promoted to mitigate the pest problem and improving crop yield. This review presents an updated summary on BCAs including the present status of BCA application, mode of actions, and delivery systems under controlled and field conditions to address major pest problems on legume crops.

Fungal community shifts in soils with varied cover crop treatments and edaphic properties

“…Two possible explanations for differing abundances of the entomopathogens in Brassicas and Legumes exist, the first is that brassicaceous plants exude S-containing compounds that negatively affect entomopathogenic fungi 53,54 . The second explanation is that because Paecilomyces is a pathogen of pests that infect legumes 55,56 greater abundance of Paecilomyces may result from higher densities of pests in the legume treatments. Although further testing is needed to assess more fully the impact of Brassicas and Legumes on Insect Pathogens, our results support the idea that cover crop species selection could be a management approach to manipulate insect-pathogenic fungi and manage belowground insect herbivory.…”

Trichoderma harzianum- and Methyl Jasmonate-Induced Resistance to Bipolaris sorokiniana Through Enhanced Phenylpropanoid Activities in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

“…It is mainly because of the innate ability of plants to recognize potential microbial invaders and modulate/re-program their defense system in accordance. However, many of the current insights have suggested that root-associated mutualistic rhizosphere microorganisms play an important role in the induction of systemic resistance in a wide range of crop species (Ciarkowska et al, 2016; Singh et al, 2016a; Gu et al, 2017; Mishra et al, 2018). Furthermore, JA may also help to regulate mutualist interactions between the plants and associated mutualistic microbes in both the above and belowground, but its role in the interaction process is less explored (Kiers et al, 2010).…”

Use of Olive Mill Wastewaters as Bio-Insecticides for the Control ofPotosia Opacain Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

“…Biocontrol strategies for pests need to be investigated and developed to provide an ecological substitute or alternative approach to the conventional methods. Some sub-products such as olive oil mill waste waters (OMW) are currently used to control pests, which is essential for crop protection [18,19].Most of the OMW phenolic compounds derived from olive polyphenols have many other biological properties [20,21], as well as biocide activities [22] and phytotoxic effects [23]. Due to their particular characteristics, these effluents are a serious problem for the Mediterranean region, which annually produce around 30 million m 3 of OMW with a damaging effect on the environment [23] and accounts for approximately 95% of olive oil production in the world [19].…”

“…Due to their particular characteristics, these effluents are a serious problem for the Mediterranean region, which annually produce around 30 million m 3 of OMW with a damaging effect on the environment [23] and accounts for approximately 95% of olive oil production in the world [19]. In addition, different physicochemical methods have been proposed to treat OMW, including natural and forced evaporation [24], electro-coagulation [25], oxidation by ozone and Fenton reagent [26] as well as their agricultural spreading [21], which is an alternative among the suggested solutions. However, the agronomic application of OMW is limited by the doses to be applied and the risk of polyphenols accumulation in the soil after consecutive applications [21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”